【作者】 申世刚；

【导师】 孙汉文；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 分析化学， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 以黄原胶和CBP—1树脂为悬浮稳定剂和磷酸二氢铵作为基体改进剂用于石墨炉原子吸收分析(GFAAS)，可将铅和镉的允许灰化温度分别提高到1100℃和1000℃。提出了原子化表观活化能概念，首次通过测试原子化温度(T)与原子吸收峰值时间(t_p)的关系进而求出其原子化表观活化能，以此比较圆满地揭示了悬浮进样-GFAAS基体改进效应和原子化机理。建立了悬浮进样-GFAAS直接测定环境、中草药、动物和植物样品内痕量铅和镉的新方法。所提出的方法具有样品无需消化、操作简便和准确可靠等优点。提出悬浮进样石墨炉原子吸收测定了玉米幼苗中的铅、镉含量新方法，并首次发现高吸水树脂对含铅和镉废水灌溉幼苗期玉米具有一定防护作用。首次提出密闭环境空气样品及艇员发样品中金属气溶胶累积变化与人体效应的关系。用光谱法研究了二(过碲酸)合银(Ⅲ)、铜(Ⅲ)和二过碘酸合镍(Ⅲ)离子氧化苹果酸、乙二醇独甲醚和三乙醇胺的动力学及机理。提出了包含有双电子转移的反应机理，进而导出了一个能解释全部实验事实的速率方程。首次报道了以多元醇与丙酮作混合底物的溴酸盐振荡反应，研究了振荡初始浓度范围及影响因素，得到振荡反应的诱导期和周期与反应物初始浓度的经验关系式及振荡和诱导期间的表观活化能，提出了循环振荡机理。首次提出以超声波合成高吸水树脂。制得的树脂粒度小，吸水速率快。用等温差示扫描量热法研究了S环氧树脂的反应动力学，提出了固化反应催化机理。更多还原

【Abstract】 With XanthanGum and Carbopol 940 as dispersant and NH4H2PO4 as chemical modifier, trace cadmium and lead of solid samples were directly determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GFAAS) and their pyrolysis temperature can be reached 1000@ and 1100@ respectively. The apparent activation energy of atomizing was proposed firstly, the modifier efficiency and the mechanism of atomizing were reveled satisfactory. The new method of slurry sampling for direct analysis of trace cadmium and lead of solid materials by GFAAS was established and it can successfully be applied to analyze them in environmental and herbal medicine and biological samples. It has provided good analytical results with some advantages over conventional procedures:(i) simplification of sample pre-treatment, diminishing the turnaround time and operational work, (ii) less risks for sample contamination,(ii) minimization of analyte losses caused either by the pre-treatment operations or by the incomplete release of the analyte from the solid matrix. We primarily study the relation of accumulative change of the air of the metal gas solvent in closed cabin and the effect on people. The kinetics of oxidation of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and malic acid etc by diperiodatonickelate(IV) and ditelluratocuprate(III) have been studied spectrophotometrically. A mechanism of reaction involving a pre-equilibrium is proposed. We primarily reported the experimental investigations of the bromate oscillator using glycerol and mannitol etc with acetone as the mixed organic substrates. The empirical equations of the induction period and oscillating period with the concentrations of the reactants and temperature were obtained. The oscillating characteristic and possible oscillation mechanisms were analyzed. We proposed the synthesize of high absorbance water resin by ultrasonic for the first time, the particle size is very small and the rate of absorption water was swiftness. The kinetics of the cure reaction for systems of bisphenol-s epoxy resin with 4,4’-diaminodiphenyl ether as a curing agent were investigated with a differential scanning calorimetry. Autocatalytic mechanism for curing reaction was proposed.更多还原