【作者】 张智；

【导师】 龙腾锐；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 市政工程， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 城市是人类文明的伟大创造，城市化是社会经济发展的必然结果，人们在感受到城市化所带来的物质和精神文明的同时，也承受城市化过程中伴随产生的人居环境污染。随着我国经济建设的发展，人民的生活水平不断提高，改善居住条件成了人民的迫切要求。为实现人居环境的可持续发展,实现现代化居住区环境质量管理，确保良好的居住区环境质量，以满足人们日益增长的提高生活质量的要求，建立科学、规范化的居住区环境质量评价方法和评价制度势在必行。因此，“九五”期间，国家开展了“居住区环境质量指标体系及评价方法研究（95-920-01-02-01）”，属于国家“九五”攻关项目：“国家重大科技产业工程项目—2000年小康型城乡住宅科技产业工程”中的子题，本论文是该子题的部分研究成果。本论文在收集大量资料的基础上，分析研究了居住区环境的特点及居民对居住环境质量的需求，贯彻了以人为本、可持续化人居环境的理念，在国内首次建立了以居民健康为主、兼顾居民生活质量（如舒适性等）的评价指标，把环境要素、环境设施、环境管理融入于居住区环境质量评价中，采用层次结构模型，建立了居住区环境质量综合评价指标体系。在综合分析现有环境质量评价方法和居住区环境质量评价特点的基础上，建立了居住区环境质量评价摸式，包括环境要素、环境设施、环境管理及环境质量综合评价模式等；提出了居住区环境质量评价标准、分级标准及其检测方法。应用Dephi法调查了2000余户居民对居住环境质量的需求，并咨询了分布于全国范围12个省（市）、23个城市、37个专业的120位专家，综合应用五次多项式和方差、均方差分析，计算调查数据的收敛趋势，应用层次分析法、模糊数学法等确定了评价指标分级权值，提高了居住区环境质量评价指标权值的科学性和合理性。本论文根据居住区环境质量评价的特点和居住区环境管理的需要，在居住区环境质量评价管理系统中引入了信息技术和计算机技术，提出了评价域概念，它包括三个层次：评价模式域、评价指标域和评价值阈，即评价方法与评价对象相适应、评价指标与评价目的或评价要求相适应、评价指标监测值与指标分级标准相适应，且据此建立了评价域数学模型，为开发环境质量综合评价管理系统，奠定了数学基础。论文以 VB(Visual Basic 6.0)为平台研制开发了居住区环境评价管理系统。该系统采用模块化，层次化结构，使用方便快捷，评价结果合理，可采用表格输出或图形输出，形式多样，形象直观。论文以重庆渝北两路城区为例，进行了居住区环境质量评价体系及评价管理系<WP=5>统应用实例研究。评价结果为：渝北两路城区环境要素为‘中’，环境设施为‘良’，环境管理为‘良’，综合评价居住区环境质量等级为‘良’。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban is a great creation of human civilization, and urbanization is the necessity of social economy development, which bring people not only material and spirit enjoyment, but also the residential environmental pollution. With the increasing of the public’s living standard in China, it becomes a stringent demand to improve the residential conditions. To realize the sustainable development and modern management of residential areas environment, and to maintain a good residential areas environment in order to meet the public’s demand of raising living standard, it is imperative to set up a scientific and standardizing evaluating method for the residential areas environmental quality (RAEQ). This paper comes from the sub-program, A Study on RAEQ Index System and Evaluating Method (95-920-01-02-01); which belongs to Ensuring Technologies for RAEQ, one component the Key Technologies and Research and Development Programme of the Ninth five-year Plan, named National Important Science and Technology Industrial Engineering Programme - Science and Technology Industrial Engineering of the Urban and Countryside’s dwelling houses for a relatively comfortable life in 2000. Based on large quantities of data, and the hiberarchy modeling, the evaluating index system was firstly set up in domestic by analyzing the specialty of residential areas and dwellers’ demand of RAEQ. Ideas such as people the fundamental and sustainable residential environment was carrying through in the course of analyzing. This evaluating system is mostly the evaluation of dweller’s health, giving the attention to the living quality such as comfort. And indexes of environmental essential factors, environmental facilities and environmental management were included. By synthetically analyzing the existing environmental quality evaluating method and specialties, RAEQ evaluating model was presented, which includes environmental essential factors, environmental facilities, environmental management and synthetic evaluating models. Meanwhile, evaluating standard, classifying standard and detecting method system for RAEQ were also been presented. In this study, Dephi method was adopted to investigate the demand of environmental quality of 2,000 dwellers, and 120 experts were consulted, who live in 12 different provinces (municipalities) and 23 different cities, and they belong to 37<WP=7>different majors. Besides, penta-multinominal, deviation and standard deviation was synthetically used to calculate the constringent tendency of collected data, and hiberarchy analysis together with fussy mathematics were utilized to determine the evaluating index classification weighing coefficient. Thus it makes weighing value of the RAEQ evaluation index more scientific and rational.According to the specialties of RAEQ evaluation and demand of residential areas environmental management, information and computer technology was introduced into the RAEQ evaluating management system, and the concept of evaluation field was presented in this paper. This concept is composed of three levels: evaluation model field, evaluation index field and evaluation value field. This means that evaluation method corresponds with evaluation object, and evaluation index and evaluation index detecting value correspond with evaluation intention (or evaluation demand) and index classification standard respectively. Based on this concept, evaluation field mathematic model was founded, which lays a mathematical foundation for general RAEQ evaluating management system exploring. Expliotation of RAEQ evaluating management system was based on the ground of Visual Basic 6.0. This system has module and hiberarchy, and is easy to use; meanwhile, its results is reasonable, which can be output by graphs or tables, and figures easily.Case study was carried out with RAEQ evaluation system and evaluation management system in Yubei District, Chongqing City. Its environmental essential factor is B, environmental facility is B and environmental management is B. The RAEQ level of Yubei District is B更多还原