【作者】 陈战；

【导师】 秦大同； 王家序；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 与金属轴承不同，水润滑轴承一般由非金属材料制成，材料的性能是决定轴承工作性能和使用寿命的一个主要因素。此外，水润滑轴承的摩擦学性能受轴承结构、工况等影响很大。如何选择和设计水润滑轴承的材料、结构，使之在各种工况下具有较低的摩擦因数，同时又有较高的承载能力，目前尚无满意的方法和结果。在润滑机理的研究上，由于水润滑轴承开设了多个水道槽，其流体力学模型的建立比较复杂，因此对其润滑机理的研究也还没有取得重要进展和突破。为了弄清楚这一新技术的机理和规律，以建立相应的理论，因而提出了“水润滑轴承的摩擦磨损性能及润滑机理的研究”这一课题，并获得了教育部科学技术重点项目的资助。该研究经过几年的努力，取得了具有一定理论意义和实用价值的研究成果。针对水润滑轴承的特点，先对轴承材料进行选择，然后对轴承用材料进行了摩擦学性能研究，并用碳纤维、玻璃纤维、棉纤维、石墨、聚四氟乙烯等填料对水润滑轴承材料的力学性能进行了改性研究。重点研究了水润滑塑料轴承的摩擦学特性，用体积法测定出了轴承的磨损率，通过实验研究了摩擦因数、磨损率与轴承结构和工况之间的关系，对实验数据进行了拟合，并对润滑机理进行了分析。将弹流理论应用于水润滑复合橡胶轴承润滑机理的研究中，对润滑水膜的形成机理进行了分析，从理论上分析了橡胶的弹性变形对水润滑橡胶轴承的性能影响；对水润滑丁腈橡胶轴承模型进行了简化，然后在此基础上推导了水润滑条件下橡胶轴承的流体润滑方程、水膜厚度方程及承载能力方程，给出了弹流润滑分析的计算流程。研究了丁腈橡胶轴承在含砂水介质中的磨粒磨损问题，揭示了自由磨粒作用下所发生的磨损物理过程； 通过实验研究了载荷、速度、磨粒尺寸、磨粒浓度等因素对磨损率的影响，并对实验数据进行拟合，得到了磨损率与载荷、速度、磨粒尺寸、磨粒浓度等因素之间的关系式。应用力化学的观点和原理对丁腈橡胶轴承的磨损机理进行了研究，得出了橡胶轴承磨损过程中表面所发生的主要化学过程。对清水和含砂水质中不同工况下橡胶轴承的摩擦学性能进行了研究与分析，得出了摩擦因数随工况、轴承结构的变化规律，并对实验数据进行了拟合。然后<WP=5>利用所推导的水润滑方程式，计算出轴承的承载能力，并在轴承的承载范围内，根据所得的关系式确定形成润滑水膜的工况条件，为保证水润滑橡胶轴承有较低的摩擦因数、较高的效率和较长的使用寿命提供了设计方法和依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 All kinds of friction pairs in the system of mechanical transmission were made of metal, and oil was used to be lubrication in the past. Not only a great deal of oil and Precious metal was exhausted, but also environment was polluted. It is very important to study the tribologial property of water lubricated bearing, it can help us to understand the lubricant mechanism of that, at the same time, it also can provide the theoretic base for improvement and application of water lubricated bearing. Compared with traditional oil lubricated metal bearings, the water lubricated ones possesses different tribological property. And the performance of bearing material plays an important role in operation life and working performance of bearing. Moreover, the structure and working condition of bearing have great effects on the tribological property, so it is very important to choose ideal working condition to make bearing possess high loading capacity and low friction coefficient. At the same time, the lubricant mechanism of water lubricant bearing is different from that of metal one because of structure with grooves. According above, in order to make clear the theory and technology optimization of this kind of new technique, "Study on Friction and Wear Property and Lubricant Mechanism of Water Lubricated Bearing" is put forward and some achievements with theory significance and application value have been acquired by research over three years.The bearing material was chosen and modified in the paper at first, and then the tribological property was studied. The result showed that some fillers such as carbon fibre, glassfiber, graphite, PTFE and so on have remarkable modified effect on water lubricated bearing materials.The tribological property of water lubricated plastic bearing was studied in particular, and wear rate of bearing was mensurated by the way of volumeter. The relationship of the friction coefficient , wear rate and the structure of bearing ,working condition was studied by experiment, and the date of experiment was deal with, then the lubricant mechanism was analyzed. The results showed that the system of water<WP=7>lubricated plastic bearing is in the state of fluid dynamic pressure lubrication due to hydrophilic property of plastic in certain working condition.The water lubricant mechanism of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber bearing was analyzed and studied systematically. First, the model of water lubricated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber bearing was simplified, second, the lubricant equation was established, third, the relationship of bearing capacity and water film thickness was researched, and the effect of some factors such as elastic deformation and structure on the lubricant mechanism was studied in detail.A study on the problems of grain-abrasion of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber bearing in water containing sand by means of electron microscopic scanning and theory analyzing, the physical course of wear under action of free grain-abrasion was studied. And the effects of load, speed, the size and the content of sand on grain-abrasion were also investigated, the relationship formulas of wear rate and load, speed, the size and the content of sand was obtained.Moreover, the wear mechanism was studied in principle of force- chemistry, and it was checked by methods of elementary analysis. Then the primary chemical course of the face of rubber bearing in the course of wearing was accquried.The tribological property of water lubricated rubber bearing was major studied in the end, and the relationship of friction coefficient and working condition and the structure of bearing was obtained, The experiential formula was obtained by the way of dealing with testing data, and then the feasible working condition can be calculated according to the experiential formula and the lubricant equation, which is of important sense in theory and fact.更多还原