【作者】 逄奉建；

【导师】 王庆瑞；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 材料学， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 一、首次研究了甲壳素黄原酸酯溶液的流变性能对温度、浓度和剪切速率的依赖关系： 1．在所研究的浓度范围内(4～8％)，甲壳素黄原酸酯溶液均属于切力变稀非牛顿流体，且随着甲壳素浓度的增加和温度的降低，n值不断减小。结构粘度指数、零切粘度的变化与非牛顿指数的变化呈现对应关系，4～6％甲壳素溶液的可纺性更好。纺丝原液的温度以20～35℃为佳。 2．对于某一浓度的甲壳素黄原酸酯溶液而言，在同一剪切速率下，表观粘度和结构粘度均随温度升高而下降。4～7％甲壳素黄原酸酯溶液体系的粘流活化能值高于传统的粘胶，说明升高温度更有利于纺丝条件的改善。而且该溶液对温度的敏感性大于粘胶溶液，8％溶液的粘流活化能值低于传统的粘胶。 二、首次研究了纤维素、甲壳素及其不同共混比的共混原液的流变性能对其温度、浓度和剪切速率的依赖关系： 1．总固含量为5％的纯纤维素、甲壳素以及两者共混比分别为9.5：0.5、9：1、8：2、5：5的共混溶液在不同温度下的非牛顿指数均小于1，在同一温度下，非牛顿指数按下列顺序变化：5：5＞8：2＞9：1＞9.5：0.5＞纯纤维素＞纯甲壳素，零切粘度的变化趋势与之相反。纯甲壳素溶液的结构粘度指数、零切粘度均明显高于其他溶液，并随溶液温度升高而减小。 2．随着溶液中甲壳素含量的增加，溶液的粘流活化能逐渐增大。 3．共混比为9：1的溶液在不同温度下的非牛顿指数均小于1，并随溶液的增浓和温度的降低而减小。结构粘度指数随溶液温度的升高、体系浓度的减小而减小。 三、所制得的共混纤维性能： 1．纯粘胶纤维、共混纤维截面的外缘都呈不规则的锯齿形，随着东华大学博士学位论文甲壳素加入量的增加，共混纤维截面逐渐趋于圆滑，呈现菊花型。 2.由SEM照片可见，普通粘胶短纤维、共混短纤维的表面均有沟槽。随着甲壳素含量的增加，沟槽变宽。且纤维表面变得粗糙，不光滑，说明共混纤维中甲壳素与纤维素的相容性随甲壳素含量的增加而变差。纯粘胶纤维表面的缺陷较多，而共混纤维中该情况得到改善，并随甲壳素含量的增加，改善的程度更大。 3，在试验范围内，随着甲壳素含量的增加，共混纤维的模量、取向度、干强、湿强、纤维密度、纤维回潮率、侧序分布随之减小。 4.生产的小批量纤维对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌等菌类的抑菌率均在26%以上，符合抗菌纤维的开发要求。 四、共混纤维批量试产结果表明，共混原液的过滤性能和可纺性良好，生产过程稳定。共混粘胶纤维的主要物理指标基本达到国外类似粘胶纤维产品的物理指标水平。保健高湿模量粘胶纤维的试产成功填补了国际空白，具有广阔的发展前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper includes four parts:l.The rheological properties of 4-8% chitin xanthate solution are investigated for the first time: the chitin xanthate solution belongs to shear-thinning fluid. non-Newtonian Index increases with increasing solution temperature and decreases with concentration. Structural viscosity index and zero shearing viscosity vary in the contrary manner. The spinnability of 4-6% solution is better than that of 7-8% solution and the spinning temperature is convenient at 20-35℃. The viscose flow active energy of 4-7% chitin xanthate solution is higher than that of cellulose xanthate solution, which shows that raising temperature aids the improvement of spinning conditions; while the viscose flow active energy of 8% chitin xanthate solution is lower than that of cellulose xanthate solution.2.The rheological properties of chitin xanthate solution, cellulose xanthate solution and their blend solution with different blend ratio are invested for the first time: The non-Newtonian Index of 5% solutions decrease in the following order: 5:5>8:2>9:l>9.5:0.5>cellulose xanthatochitin xanthate, which are all lower than 1. They all belong to shear-thinning fluid, whose structure viscosity and zero shear viscosity decreases in the order contrary to non-Newtonian Index. The structural viscosity Index and zero shear viscosity of chitin xanthate solution is higher than that of other solutions. The viscose flow active energy increases with increasing chitin content. Non-Newtonian Index of 9:1 blend solution at the invested temperature range is lower than 1, which increases with solution temperature and deceases with solution concentration.3.The blend fibres prepared have the following property: The cross sections are all anomalous, which is becoming coarser with increasing chitin content. There exists crank on the surface of fibre, which becomes wider with increasing chitin content. The compatibility between chitin xanthate and cellulose xanthate in this solvent system decreases with chitin content. The modulus, degree of orientation, dry intensity, wet intensity, density, regain rate,rate of water content and accessibility decreased with chitin content, whose mechanical property fits the need of ordinary fiber. The blend fibres prepared have biostatic effects on staphylococcus aureus, escherchia coli, and etc.4.The trial production results show that the filter property and spinnability of blend solution is excellent, the production process is stable, the main quality data of staple and filament of blend fiber has approached or reached the level of the same kind of products abroad. The success of trial production of blend fiber not only supplies the gap but also has wide foreground.更多还原