【作者】 王兆守；

【导师】 尤民生；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 农药学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 本文采用HP6890气相色谱仪测定了联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯在水体和茶叶中的添加回收率。3种菊酯在水体中都分别设计了1mg／L、10mg／L、100mg／L3个浓度的添加回收试验，在茶叶中都分别设计了0.1mg／kg、1.0mg／kg、10.0mg／kg3个浓度梯度的添加回收率试验。结果表明，3种菊酯在水样中的添加回收率在95.47％至103.21％之间，变异系数在2.21％至4.72％之间，在茶样中的添加回收率在84.32％至93.34％之间，变异系数在2.95％至4.22％之间。联苯菊酯的标准曲线方程为y₁=10⁶x₁+10⁶（R₁²=0.9987），甲氰菊酯的标准曲线方程为y₂=10⁶x₂+619406（R₂²=0.9976），氯氰菊酯的标准曲线方程为y₃=741527x₃+686486（R₃²=0.9982）。 从农药厂车间下水道污泥中和喷药的茶园小区的茶叶中，通过富集培养基、基础培养基富集培养分离到3株对联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯都有较高而稳定的降解力的细菌w10j15、t6f2和c1f6，经鉴定，它们分别为阴沟肠杆菌（Enterobacter cloacap）、荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens）和恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida）。第二次复筛测定结果表明，对100mg／L的联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯的降解率，w10j15分别为52.43％、50.76％和56.89％，t6f2分别为50.96％、48.79％和44.57％,c1f6分别为55.64％、44.56％和52.19％。 菌体生长与联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯降解的关系曲线表明，w10j15、t6f2和c1f6菌株生长都和对农药的降解呈同步关系，而且经只加以农药为唯一碳源的基础培养基平板划线培养，菌株在平板上生长良好，说明菌株能以农药为唯一碳源和能源。 对不同的外界条件对菌株的降解力的影响进行测定。菌株对30、50、100、200、300、400、500、600mg／L的3种菊酯农药降解效果测定结果表明，农药浓度过低及过高都对菌体生长不利，从而影响了菌株对农药的降解率。w10j15在农药浓度为50和100mg／L时菌株的降解率相对较高，并以100mg／L时降解率最高，t6f2在农药浓度为50、100、200mg／L时降解效果较好，c1f6在农药浓度为50、100mg／L时菌株对农药的降解率较其它浓度更高。 菌株w10j15、t6f2、c1f6对100mg／L的3种菊酯农药的降解速率与接菌量近似成正比例关系。从降解效果及降解率与菌量比值的降解效率来看，w10j15和c1f6接种量都以D_415nm值取0.1为佳，t6f2接种量以D_415nm值0.1或0.3较好。博士论文摘要 以10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45℃不同温度梯度测定温度对菌株降解效能的影响，结果表明，过低和过高温度都对菌株生长和降解效能有抑制作用。wloj巧最适温度在30一35℃之间;t6几适宜的温度在20一35℃之间，以25一35℃时降解效果最好;clf6最适温度在25一30℃之间。 以pH分别为4.0、5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0、ro.0测定pH对菌株降解效能的影响，结果表明，过低或过高的pH值，使菌株生长受抑制，导致降解率受到影响。w10)巧适宜的pH范围在6.0一8.0之间，最适pH在7.0左右，对3种菊醋的降解率都在50%以上;t6fZ适宜的pH范围在5.0一7.0之间，以pH=6.0时降解效果最好，对3种菊醋的降解率都在55%以上;clf6适宜的pH范围为6.0一8.0，以pH=7.。时降解效果最好，对3种菊酷降解率都在40%以上。 振荡培养ld、2d、3d、4d，5d后萃取，测定不同的培养时间对菌株降解效能的影响，结果表明，在培养前3d，菌株wloj巧、t6fZ、clf6的降解率增长较快，第3d以后，降解率增长开始减缓。 取0、60、120、180、220rmin一，的不同振荡速率和250mL的三角瓶中装50、100、150、ZOOInL的基础培养基发酵液，测定振荡速率和装液量对菌株降解效能的影响，结果表明，菌株wloj巧和t6fZ对农药的降解率随振荡速率的增加和装液量的减少而增加，，说明菌株wloj巧和t6几是好氧型的;菌株clf6对农药的降解率受振荡速率和装液量的影响不大，在不同的振荡速率和装液量下，菌株对农药的降解率比较接近，说明菌株clf6是兼性好氧型的。 测定edZ+、znZ+、euZ+、Fe，+、PbZ+、AI，+、BaZ+、MnZ+和eaZ+共9种金属离子和氟离子（F一）对菌株的降解效能的影响，结果表明，A13十、Mn，+、caZ+对菌株wl叩5降解力有促进作用，以MnZ十、caZ十促进作用较明显;Cu2+、BaZ+、F一对菌株t6fZ降解力有促进作用，以F一促进作用最明显;znZ+、Mn2+、F一对菌株clf6降解力有促进作用。除此之外，不同的离子对菌株都有不同程度的抑制作用。 基础培养基中单独添加葡萄糖、蔗糖、淀粉、果糖、乳糖、麦芽糖lg/loolllL时，都不同程度地提高了菌株w10jls、t6fZ和clf6对农药的降解率。对菌株wloj巧以蔗糖促进效果最明显，葡萄糖和果糖次之;对菌株t6几以葡萄糖促进效果最明显，其次是果糖;对菌株clf6以果糖促进效果最明显，其次是葡萄糖和蔗糖。但添加蛋白陈和牛肉膏0.sg/loomL对菌株wloj15、t6fZ和clf6降解农药有明显的抑制作用。博士论文摘要 采用L，:（2x37）正交表，取酵母膏、3种菊酷农药浓度、碳源（w 10）巧选用蔗糖，t6几选用葡萄糖，clf6选用果糖)、接种量、pH值、金属离子、装液?更多还原

【Abstract】 The average recovery rates of bifenthrin, fenpropathrin and cypermethrin in water and tea were determined by gas chromatography of HP6890 in this paper. Three kinds of concentrations as Img/L, 10mg/L, 100mg/L in water and 0.1mg/kg, 1.0mg/kg, 10.0mg/kg in tea respectively were devised for additive recovery experiments of these synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. The results showed the average recovery rates were between 95.47% and 103.21% in water and between 84.32% and 93.34% in tea while the former’s variation coefficients were between 2.21% and 4.72% and the latter’s were between 2.95% and 4.22%. The standard curves of bifenthrin, fenpropathrin and cypermethrin were yi = 106X! +106(R|2 = 0.9987), y2 = 106x2 + 619406 (R22 = 0.9976), y3 = 741527x3 + 686486 (R32 = 0.9982),respectively.Three bacterial strains named w10j15,t6f2 and clf6, which had high and stable degradation ability to bifenthrin, fenpropathrin and cypermethrin, were isolated from activated sludge (got from a pharmaceutical factory) and from tea leaves (got from tea garden pretreated by synthetic pyrethroid insecticides) by enrichment with enriched medium and minimal one. They were identified as Enterobacter cloacap, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida, respectively. The removal rates of bifenthrin, fenpropathrin and cypermethrin whose concentrations were the same as lOOmg/L by the third screened strains w10j15 were 52.43%,50.76% and 56.89%, t6f2 were 50.96%, 48.79% and 44.57%, and clf6 were 55.64%, 44.56% and 52.19%, respectively.The relationship curve about the growth of strains and the removal rate of pesticides showed w10j15, t6f2 and clf6 all grew in step with the degradation of bifenthrin, fenpropathrin and cypermethrin. Moreover, cultured on the plane-tables of minimal medium which were added only with pesticides as sole carbon sources, these strains grew well. All these indicated these strains were able to utilize these synthetic pyrethroid insecticides as sole carbon and energy sources.The effect of different environmental conditions on the degradation abilities of strains was determined. The result of degradation effect by stains to 30, 50, 100,200, 300,400, 500,600 mg/L 3 kinds of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides showed too high or too 10w pesticides concentrations were not favorable to the growth of strains, which resulted in the declination of degradation rates. The strain w10j15 had higher degradation rates when the pesticides concentrations were 50 and 100mg/L. Furthermore, the degradation rate was the highest at the concentration of 100mg/L. The strain t6f2 had better degradation effect when the pesticides concentrations were 50, 100 and 200mg/L. The strain c1f6 had higher degradation rates at the pesticides concentrations of 50 and 100mg/L than at the other ones.The degradation ve10cities to the 3 kinds of 100mg/L synthetic pyrethroid insecticides by the strains w10j15, t6f2 and clf6 almost increased harmoniously with the inoculation quantity. Considered from the degradation effect and degradation efficiency (that is the ratio of the degradation rates to inoculation quantity),the D415nm amount 0.1 for inoculation is suitable for both w10j15 and clf6 while D415nm amount 0.1 or 0.3 is suitable fort6f2.The effect of the different temperatures of 10,15,20,25,30,35,40 and 45 C on degradation efficiency indicated too high and too 10w temperature both inhibited the growth and degradation efficiency of 3 strains. The optimal temperatures for w10j 15 are between 30 and 35 C, for t6f2 are between 25 and 35 C while the suitable temperatures are between 20 and 35C and for clf6 are between 25 and 30C.The effect of the different pH of 4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0,9.0 and 10.0 on degradation efficiency showed that too high and too 10w pH both inhibited the growth of 3 strains, which resulted in the declination of degradation rates. The suitable pH for w10j15 were between 6.0 and 8.0, and the optimal pH was 7.0 or so, at which the degradation rates of 3 synthetic pyrethroid insecticides were all more than 50%. The s更多还原