【作者】 伍永平；

【导师】 石平五；

【作者基本信息】 西安科技大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 当煤层倾角大于35°且采用走向长壁工作面开采时，顶板冒落矸石沿工作面倾斜方向的非均匀充填和约束作用使得支承压力分布规律和围岩变形、垮落具有明显的非对称性和时序性，同时导致底板出现破坏、滑移和支架与设备下滑、倾倒，由此构成的“R-S-F”(顶板破断岩块—支架—底板破坏滑移体)系统在工作面推进过程中极易出现动态失稳而引发围岩灾变，造成生产或安全事故。当煤层倾角大于55°时，“R-S-F”系统的上述特征更加突出，传统意义上的走向长壁开采方法亦不再适用，因此可定义倾角35°～55°的煤层为大倾角煤层。 大倾角煤层走向长壁工作面开采方法与装备研究由于其矿压显现和围岩破断活动的复杂性而进展缓慢，较少见到国外主要产煤国家此方面的专门文献，我国目前的研究、试验与使用水平处于国际该领域的前沿。 现场实测、实验室研究和理论分析表明，大倾角煤层走向长壁工作面安全、高效开采的关键是对围岩的有效控制，而围岩控制的难点在于“R-S-F”系统的稳定性，本文通过对引发围岩灾变因素的分析，提出了“R-S-F”系统在工作面推进过程中R、S、F之间可能出现的错动、顺向和逆向动态失稳的三种模式，以此为基础建立了“R-S-F”系统动力学分析模型，利用R-W&Kane原理和Lagrange理论建立了“R-S-F”系统的动力学一般方程。在研究求解可行性后，对一般方程进行了简化并根据生产实际中对工作面顶板和支架控制的基本要求给出了初始和边界条件，从而得到了方程的特解。 大倾角煤层走向长壁工作面开采过程中“R-S-F”系统的受载和变形应满足动态耦合方程，由此提出了R、S、F相互之间在工作面推进过程中应保持运动速度相等、速度梯度为零的动态稳定性概念，并得到了在不同的失稳状态和接触介质条件时“R-S-F”系统中的主导因子—S的工作阻力的分析与计算方法。 大倾角煤层走向长壁工作面“R-S-F”系统动态稳定性控制的基础是F，关键是S，目的是R，由于在R、S、F之中只有S是人为可控且对R、F均具有约束(控制)作用的因素。因此，可通过对S的设计与调整来实现对“R-S-F”系统的整体稳定性进行控制，从而达到减少或防止围岩灾变，保证安全生产的目的。 论文给出的在陕西省岩层控制重点实验室所进行的实验研究和在四川华萦山矿务局绿水洞煤矿6134和5634工作面进行的现场工业性试验实例也表明“R一S一F”系统动态稳定性理论分析的结果与传统分析方法具有很好的祸合性，符合生产实际，取得了良好的技术经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 When coal seam pitch is more than 35 and longwall caving method along the strike is used, the irregular stowing and binding action of waste from breakage roof along face pitch direction of longwall leads not only abutment pressure distribution and surrounding rock deformation and falling have evident unsymmetrical and time sequence, but also floor fracture and sliding, supports and equipments sliding down or rolling-over at the same time, and system "R-S-F" (roof fracture block-support-floor sliding block) which consists of characteristics above appears dynamic destabilization easily, brings about surrounding rock catastrophes, and causes incidents of safety in production. When coal seam pitch is more than 55 , the characteristics of system "R-S-F" above are more conspicuous and traditional regular longwall along strike (slant arrangement) is not applicable. So the coal seam which pitch is between 35 -55 can be defined as steeply dipping seam.The study on mining methods and equipments of longwall along strike makes less progress in main overseas countries of coal production owing to the complexity of strata behaviors and the features of surrounding rock fracture and movements, and we can seldom see the specialized documents or papers in that field recently. Our country’s level in research and test as well as application is world advanced at present.The key of longwall mining along strike safely and efficiently is efficacious controlling of surrounding rock, and the difficult points of surrounding rock controlling are dynamic stability of system "R-S-F" has be made clear by the facts from site test, experimental study and theoretical analysis, and three patterns may cause system "R-S-F" destabilization, such as dislocation, consequentiality and retrogradation among R, S and F in the process of longwall face advancing is put forward in the paper . Then , A analysis dynamic model of system "R-S-F" is set up based on that and general dynamics formulas of system "R-S-F" areobtained through the R-W&Kane’s principle and Lagrange’s theory. After a feasibility study, the general dynamics formulae are simplified, initial and boundary conditions are given according to the basic requirements of roof and equipments controlling and particular solutions of the formulae are gotten.Because of deformation and load features of system "R-S-F" in longwall face mining of steeply dipping seam should satisfy dynamic coupling equation, the dynamic stability concept which keeps their velocity equal and acceleration zero in the mining process has advanced, and gets the analyzing and calculating methods of working resistance of S (face supports) which is the leading factor of system "R-S-F" when the system is under different destabilization and contact conditions is received in the paper.The foundation of dynamic stability controlling of system "R-S-F" of longwall face in steeply dipping seam mining is F, the key is S, and the goal is R. Among R, S and F, not only S is the factor which may be controlled but also has binding action to R and F, so the systemic stability controlling of system "R-S-F" could be carried out and the goal that cuts down or protects surrounding rock catastrophe and ensures safety in production may be achieved.Finally ,the results from the theory of system "R-S-F" dynamic stability analysis couple closely with ones of traditional analysis ways, and tally with actual situation in production has be made by the test example of face 6134 and 5634 of Lushuidong colliery, Huaying Mining Administration, Sichuan province, and the experimental results which obtained in Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Strata Control makes known and good technology and economic returns have be won.更多还原