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PSIC子空间协作模型与协作学习支持环境的实现技术研究

Research on Architecture and Implementation of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning & A Collaborative Model: PSIC

【作者】 刘新福

【导师】 顾君忠;

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 , 系统分析与集成, 2003, 博士

【摘要】 随着现代通信技术,特别是Internet以及计算机信息技术的发展,在现代远程教育领域中出现了一种新的远程教学形式---计算机支持的协作学习(CSCL)。由于其特有的任何人(anybody)、在任何地方(anywhere)和任何时间(anytime)都享有同等的学习服务机会的特征,具有重要的研究和应用价值,但是其应用推广却不如预期那么顺利。根据作者收集并参考的资料来看,目前关于CSCL的研究可以分为两类:一类从教育学的观点来探讨CSCL的教学理论;另一类致力于如何利用现有的计算机技术来实现CSCL支持平台。在从事这两类工作的研究人员中,前者主要是教育理论工作者,他们从事CSCL教学理论的研究,缺陷是很难跟踪最先进的计算机科学技术,并应用于CSCL中。而后者主要是计算机专业人员,他们进行CSCL支持平台的研究,缺陷是他们普遍仅从对教学活动感性认识的角度研究开发CSCL支持平台,而且主要集中在如何通过Internet进行学习资源的管理、学习课程的开发和发布以及协作学习参与者之间的成功通信方面。由于这些问题的存在,很容易将具体的技术实现手段与CSCL的本质特征相隔离,导致目前CSCL在现代远程教育领域缺乏其应有的优势。CSCL作为一种全新的基于Internet的教学活动形式,关于它的研究不仅需要先进的计算机科学技术,而且需要丰富的教学理论作为指导。通过对目前CSCL领域的研究工作现状的深入分析,作者发现其中存在着以下的问题:缺少能充分体现教学活动特性和要求的、适合于CSCL应用系统的设计开发的形式化模型研究,尤其缺乏CSCL的协作模型研究;缺乏相应的实现框架参考模型的研究;缺少能够将先进的计算机科学技术与现代远程教育理论充分相结合,实现良好教学效果的CSCL支持环境的技术方案;等等。在这些问题中,作者认为,针对CSCL模型的研究特别是群组模式下协作模型的研究,是CSCL研究的关键之一,这也是本篇论文工作的出发点。 为了建立CSCL的协作模型,本文首先通过对传统课堂协作学习活动进行分析,总结出,在传统课堂协作学习活动中,存在着物理子空间、社会子空间、信息子空间、认知子空间等四个协作子空间,并由此提出一种协作学习的PSIC协作子空间模型。这四个子空间并是不孤立的,它们相互联系和紧密相关,作者提出,对协作学习的协作行为的研究可以通过上述四个子空间来进行,并作为CSCL的支持环境的系统设计和开发的重摘要与目录要依据。 本文对协作学习的PSIC协作子空间的基本内容进行研究,包括:研究物理子空间的组成;研究社会子空间的组成、静态模型以及协作小组的依赖模式;研究协作学习的两个重要的特征一协作性与交互性,并提出一种协作和交互模型;研究信息子空间的组成和信息传递的几个过程;研究认知空间的组成,描述了一种协作学习活动的动态过程模型CL FSM;通过协作学习论域在PSIC子空间的映射,对PSIC协作子空间模型进行形式化建模。本文对协作学习PSIC子空间的以上内容进行的研究,作为进一步研究CSCL的PSIC子空间的基础。 CSCL是一种在工nternet环境下,物理上处于不同地理位置的成员组成学习小组,在虚拟的教学场景中,利用计算机技术进行的协作学习形式。支持CSCL的虚拟学习环境与传统的课堂学习环境相比,具有许多不同的特征,因此导致了CSCL与传统的课堂学习在协作感知、发言权控制、学习活动动态过程等问题上具有不同的特点。以协作学习的PSIC子空间模型为依据,本文研究CSCL在PSIC各个子空间的特征,并着重研究CSCL学习活动的发言权控制与CSCL的协作学习活动动态过程等关键问题。 在CSCL学习活动中,交互的协调控制对整个CScL应用系统的服务质量影响较大,具体体现在虚拟学习环境中用户对语音、视频信道、共享白板以及应用共享程序等协作工具的使用访问的协调,这方面的内容涉及发言权控制问题,实际上是属于协作策略的范畴。有效的发言权控制策略有利于协作交互的正常进行。本文对CSCL学习活动中的发言权控制问题进行深入研究,提出一种发言权控制模型GF--Petri,有效解决了在虚拟学习环境中开展CSCL学习活动的发言权控制问题。 CSCL学习活动过程继承了传统课堂协作学习活动的基本特征,但是本身固有的一些其他特点。本文以传统的协作学习活动的过程模型cL_FSM为基础,根据CSCL的特点,提出一种CSCL协作学习活动的过程模型CSCL_FSM,作为实现支持CSCL的虚拟学习环境的参考模型。 PSIC协作子空间模型一方面充分体现教学活动特性和要求,另一方面又充分体现CSCL的功能特征,对进一步构造支持CSCL虚拟学习环境的的实现框架模型,具有科学合理的理论指导意义。基于PsIC协作子空间模型,本文构造一种支持CSCL的虚拟学习环境的实现参考模型VdassRoom,为解决上述CSCL研究中存在问题提供一个适 V 摘要与目录合的CSCL支持环境实现框架。 针对VClassRoom的构想,根据PSIC协作子空间模型中提出的CSCL协作学习活

【Abstract】 With the development of modern communication technology .especially the Internet and information technology, a new style of tele-education , Computer Support Collaborative Learning (CSCL), comes forth. Because its implementation is not restricted by time and space, the research and application work of it worth important attention and potential value. But the progress of CSCL application and popularization have not grown up so smoothly as expected. Through thorough analysis of the current status of CSCL, the author of this paper discovers that there still exist several issues in this area. So far, most of the work on CSCL can be separated into two categories: one focuses on CSCL education theory and the other is related to implementation of CSCL platform. Respectively , the people engaged in the CSCL research can be categorized into two kinds , CSCL education theory explorer and CSCL application developer. Mostly , these two kinds of researchers would isolate the CSCL education theory with the implementation of technology and that would result the lack of advantages of CSCL application. The root cause of these occasion may probably be induced by the lack of some necessary research work. Firstly , formalized modeling methods, especially the collaboration and interaction modeling of CSCL , which can fully demonstrate the characteristics and demands of CSCL activities and application systems, are to be established. Secondly , proper scheme of reference model for CSCL application system are needed . Thirdly , the implementation solution of CSCL application that can combine advanced computer science technology and modern tele-education theory tightly are still lack of want. These important issues are start points led to the work of this paper.In order to establish a proper collaboration model of CSCL , the collaboration activities of traditional collaborative learning (CL) in classroom are analyzed. It’s found that .there exists four collaborative spaces ,ie, physical space , social space , information space and cognitive space. A PSIC model of collaboration learning activity is then brought forward. The author of this paper indicates that the analysis of activity of collaborative learning and CSCL application system can take PSIC model as the basic model.In this paper , the general issues of PSIC model are studied, that include the make-up and static model of physical sub-space , information sub-space, cognitive sub-space and social sub-space . An interaction and collaboration model , whichreflects the features of collaboration learning , are brought forward and studied. A dynamic model of Collaborative learning , CL_FSM is also established .Compared to traditional classroom , the virtual environment of CSCL shows different characteristics , and that induce some special properties of collaborative awareness, floor control , dynamic process of learning activity . These important features are carefully studied in this paper.Per CL_FSM and the characteristics of CSCL activities , a process model of CSCL activities , CSCL_FSM, which is used to be the reference model of CSCL application , is set up. Based on the PSIC model , a reference model of implementation of CSCL application system , VclassRoom , is constructed . A virtual learning environment, Vroom, the core module of VclassRoom , grounded on the CSCL_FSM was implemented using component technology. The implementation of Vroom demonstrates the validity and effectiveness of PSIC model and the issues indicated previously are settled down effectively .The main contributions of this dissertation can be summarized as following:1. The activities of traditional classroom collaborative learning are studied and a PSIC model of collaborative learning is constructed.2. Modeling of interactivity and collaboration of collaborative learning are studied The PSIC model are formalized described through mapping the Collaboratvie Learning Universe of Discourse.3. Based on the PSIC model , the Characteristics of CSCL in physical sub-space

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