【作者】 艾萍；

【导师】 索丽生； 王志坚；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 尽管软件构件技术研究已经取得很大进展，但在水利领域中应用构件技术仍然存在许多困难。主要问题在于没有满足水利领域需求的基于构件的软件开发环境。原因是当前的构件技术研究还主要聚焦在解决一般意义下构件的生产、存贮、检索、组装、演化等环节中存在的问题，对在特定领域中构件技术的应用研究很少，成果过于专业化，不便于在特定领域应用。领域业务应用需要的专业构件和工具软件十分缺乏。 在特定领域中应用构件技术的目的是提高软件的复用程度，增强软件的进化能力，降低软件的开发维护成本。由于领域软件运行环境复杂、需求多变、专业性强，因而要求领域软件构件对运行环境有良好的适应能力，其功能可以根据业务需求进行配置。为此，需要建立领域构件柔性组装技术体系，通过规范但形式化程度适当的构件柔性组装描述，维护领域构件柔性组装技术体系的语境相对一致性，从而实现领域构件的组装。 为了建立领域构件柔性组装技术体系，本文以水利领域业务应用为背景，围绕构件柔性组装的形式化描述，对领域构件柔性组装的相关概念、柔性组装机制、柔性组装描述的形式化及语言、建立水利领域构件柔性组装描述体系等方面进行了研究，并取得以下成果： 1、在对概念构件、领域构件、应用框架、构件的行为、构件的柔性及柔性组装等基本概念进行深入分析与明确定义的基础上，阐明了领域构件的柔性组装是构件可配置地融入构件环境的操作，其配置通过构件与构件环境的描述匹配来实现、描述匹配通过描述的形式化及约束条件下的语义判定来实现的柔性组装机制；提出了适合领域应用的基于描述树的构件柔性组装描述的形式化方法；揭示了领域意义下的构件柔性组装原理。 2、利用XML的开放性与易学易用的特点，根据构件柔性组装描述树的定义，应用XML Schema定义了基于XML的构件柔性组装描述语言FCML，给出了FCML的语义以及通过定义元素命名空间与值空间、增加描述要素来扩展和定制FCML的机制，为构件柔性组装描述的形式化及其在特定领域的应用提供了语言环境。 河河大学博士学位论文 3、应用领域构件柔性组装原理，分析研究了水利领域业务应用的基本特征，提出由形式化描述机制、组装工具、构件、框架和主框架构成的领域构件柔性组装技术体系框架，以及FCML在水利领域的定制与扩展方法；定义了水利领域应用框架体系及其描述的形式化方法，为在不同抽象层次制定水利领域软件技术标准和构件柔性组装技术的应用创造了条件。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is very difficult to apply the software component technology to the water resources domain, although there have been many breakthroughs in the research of software component. The main reasons of this phenomenon lie in which the environment of component based development is still in its infancy, not to mention the one satisfying the requirements of the water resources domain. The current research trends on component technology still focus on the production, storage, retrieval, composition and evolvement of components generally. There are few applications of component technology to specific domains, which result from the lack of domain special components and the corresponding tools.There are many benefits from the employment of component technology in the applications of specific domains, such as the improvement of software reusability and evolution ability, and reducing cost of software development and maintenance. With the complexity of domain software environment, its versatile requirements and mainly, the demanding professional application, high adaptability to the running environment is requested, as well as the configurability in according to the business requirements. Therefore, the architecture of domain components composition must be established, which is achieved by the formal description of the flexible component composition mechanism and maintaining the consistency of the context of the technologic architecture of domain components composition.In order to establish the architecture of flexible domain component composition, the author has done much research work on the formal description of flexible component composition, which includes the evolution of the concept of components, the mechanism of flexible composition, a formal language of component composition description, and its application to the water resources domain. Following are the main contributions of this thesis:1. After a comprehensive survey of the concept component, domain component, application framework, the behavior of the component, the flexibility of thecomponent and the flexible composition of the component, the author concluded that the flexible composition of the component is its amalgamation into the component environment with configurability, which can be implemented by the matching between the component and the component environment. Further, the flexible composition of components is achieved by the semantic matching between the descriptions of them with some constraints. A novel formal method of description for component composition is proposed which is based on the description tree, and is very suitable for specific domain applications. The principle of domain-specific flexible component composition is also revealed at last.2. With the openness and the easy-learning characteristics of the well-known XML, the Flexible Component Markup Language (FCML) is defined, which is based on the XML Schema. In the definition of FCML, the semantics, the name-space and the value-space of the entities are specified. The mechanism of freely added entities and the custom ability of FCML provide a great environment for the formal description of the flexible composition of component and its application to specific domain.3. Following the principle of the flexible composition of domain component, the author has analyzed the basic features of the application in ’the water resources domain in depth and put forwarded an architecture for domain-specific flexible component composition, which consists of the mechanism of formal description, assembly tools, components, frameworks and the main framework, as well as the extension of FCML in the water resources domain. In addition, the architecture of the application framework in the water resources domain and its formal description can also provide great convenience to establish the technical standards of the software technology in the water resources domain and various customizations at different abstract level, as well as to promote application of the flexible component compositi更多还原