【作者】 殷双喜；

【导师】 邵大箴；

【作者基本信息】 中央美术学院 ， 2002， 博士

【副题名】天安门广场人民英雄纪念碑研究

【摘要】 作为建筑物的纪念碑，在艺术史中是一个重要的公共艺术类型。对纪念碑的研究，有助于我们进入一个民族的历史、文化与人文价值传统。人民英雄纪念碑是新中国建立后第一个由国家兴建的大型纪念碑，无论从时间、地点、体积、造型、组织以及经济投入等方面，都是新中国艺术史上最为重要的大型公共艺术工程。 对于一个综合了建筑、绘画、雕塑的大型公共艺术工程，论文试图将人民英雄纪念碑作为社会、文化、艺术等各种因素相互影响的一个整体加以辩证考察，在一个更为广阔的社会历史条件中对其观照分析和比较研究。除了常见的对于作家、作品的研究分析，有关纪念碑的传统文脉、纪念碑与城市公共空间的关系、纪念碑建筑与雕塑的关系、大型公共艺术项目的组织、管理、经济、技术等也成为本文研究的对象。 在论文的第一章中，讨论了纪念碑作为建筑艺术的公共性，从建筑的伦理功能进入到纪念碑对于人类精神生活和民族价值观念与凝聚力的讨论，并且对于论文所采用的艺术史方法论进行了必要的阐述。第二章着重介绍了国内人民英雄纪念碑研究的现状。第三章从建筑与环境的历史文脉和现代城市公共空间的角度，回顾了人民英雄纪念碑所在的天安门广场的历史与变迁，由此探讨了人民英雄纪念碑在北京城的中心区域的选址与朝向所具有的重要象征意义。在第四章中，有关人民英雄纪念碑的公共艺术组织管理的考察，成为我们了解当代中国大型公共艺术项目的一般管理模式的历史溯源。第五章至第七章是本篇论文的重点，第五章从建筑的历史与文化角度，探讨人民英雄纪念碑的设计与中国传统碑碣系统及中国古代建筑的文脉联系，从而试图揭示人民英雄纪念碑碑形设计体现出的民族文化精神和所依据的艺术史形式与风格原型。第六章、第七章介绍了人民英雄纪念碑美工组的历史演变，然后从绘画、雕塑以及它们与建筑的关系等方面，讨论了其艺术创作的过程、方法及浮雕艺术的风格特点。第八章从经济与技术角度考察了人民英雄纪念碑的项目管理，提供了有关纪念碑工程的较为详细的基本资料。作为结论，论文的最后一章，从比较研究的角度探讨了20世纪50年代中国雕塑所受到的外来艺术的影响，以及人民英雄纪念碑对新中国纪念性公共艺术的影响，并归纳了人民英雄纪念碑的若干基本特征，以及它在新中国艺术史上的重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Monument, as architecture, is an important type of public art in the history of art and architecture. We can go into the system of a nation’s history, culture and humanism. The Monument to the People’s Heroes is the first grand monument constructed by the state since the founding of New China. It’s the most important, super-huge construction of public art in the art history of New China in terms of time, location, measurement, shape, organization and financial investment.As a large-scale public art construction, the Monument to the People’s Heroes is a combination of architecture, painting and sculpture. The thesis intends to make a dialectic observation of it in which all kinds of social, cultural and artistic factors interact, and also a comparative study and considerate analysis under a much broader social and historical circumstances. The traditional thread about the monument, the relationship between the monument and the city’s public space, between sculpture and construction of the monument, the organization, management, economy and technology of a large-scale public art project, are all the objects of study of this thesis in addition to the study and analysis about the designer and work in traditional art history.The first chapter discusses the public nature of a monument as an art of architecture, and goes on is the discussion about the ethical function of architecture and the effect of a monument on mankind’s spiritual life and conception of national value and cohesion. A necessary explanation is also given here about the methodology of art history, by which the thesis is composed. Chapter 2 is mainly about the condition of domestic study on the Monument to the People’s Heroes. From the angles of historical threads of architecture and environment and the planning of modern cities, chapter 3 reflects the history and changes of Tian An Men Square where the Monument to the People’s Heroes is located. Thereof the thesis explores the important, indicative meaning of the exposure and the location of the Monument to the People’s Heroes in the central area of capital city Beijing. The study on the public art ’s organizational and managerial of the Monument to the People’s Heroes in chapter 4 can give us a better understanding about the historical root of the common managerial model for large public art projects in China now. The main parts of the thesis are from Chapter 5 to chapter 7. From the historical and cultural angles of architecture, chapter 5 explores the design of the Monument to the People’s Heroes, the traditional stone tablet system of China and the architectural threads connection of ancient China, with the attempt to expose the prototype of the form and style of art history on which the ethos the shape design of the Monument to the People’s Heroes reflects is based. Chapter 6 and chapter 7 bring in the historical changes in the art design group of the Monument to the People’s Heroes, then discuss its art creation process ,the method and the characteristics in style in embossment art from the aspects of painting, sculpture and their relationships with architecture. Chapter 8 studies the project management of the Monument to the People’s Heroes from the economic and technical sides and supplies more detailed basic materials about the Monument. The last chapter, from the angle of comparative study, discusses the external effect on China’s sculpture art in 1950s and the effect the Monument to the People’s Heroes has on New China’s commemorative public art. The writer here tries to sum up some essential characteristics of the Monument to the People’s Heroes and the great significance it has in the art history of New China.更多还原