【作者】 邵志鹏；

【导师】 苗香雯； 崔绍荣；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 农业生物环境与能源工程， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 在鱼草共生系统中，种植的牧草可以吸收循环养殖系统水中的营养物，为鱼的正常生长提供一个适宜的环境，同时生产的饲草可以养鱼，因而具有重要意义。 为研究陆生植物对封闭循环养殖系统的生物过滤效果，设计盘培、浮植和土培种植挣化模式的适应性试验。结果显示，盘培多花黑麦草植株低水平的氧自由基、丙二醛、游离脯氨酸含量以及良好的生长状况与高的氮、磷吸收能力，说明其生长适应性最强，其次为浮植和土培。 借助于人工基质而设计陆地草多花黑麦草盘培、浮植两种栽培方式，研究一种成本低廉、结构简单的循环水产养殖废水的生物过滤处理系统。结果表明，两种栽培方式的多花黑麦草生长高度和生物量均呈抛物线上升，废水中的总氮和总磷则呈指数降低，其它水质指标也出现不同程度的改善，盘培多花黑麦草的生长和生物净化能力明显优于浮植，而由盘培多花黑麦草对水产养殖系统富营养废水良好的生物滤清效果将为其深入研究提供一定的理论依据。 为了提高陆生植物净化废水效果，根据仅有一层营养液流过栽培容器的底部而使供氧条件大大改善的营养液膜技术衍变而设计一种栽培方式即育苗盘种植（简称盘培）。试验研究表明，最适的盘培方式为育苗盘高度为1cm，栽培槽上再铺设6层无纺布用于养鱼废水的过滤、保湿，另外，栽培槽的坡度设计在2％—8％之间。 鱼用优质高产牧草的种类繁多，为确定最佳的鱼草共生周年循环系统，本文选择几种冷季牧草和暖季牧草进行生长适应性与营养吸收研究，分析表明，多花黑麦草和扁穗牛鞭草是最佳的冷季牧草和暖季牧草，它们耐水性强，叶片中所含的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维等化学成分高，植株的生物量也高，生物过滤养殖废水中的氮和磷效果好，而且可以适应外界环境的低温或高温，抵抗病虫侵害，同时为草食性鱼类喜欢食用。 通过多花黑麦草和罗非鱼的共生系统研究发现，投饵养鱼的最大负荷力为2159.66g m^-3，而最佳鱼草质量比为0.222，超过了该负荷力，生态系统将会崩溃。更多还原

【Abstract】 Grass planted in symbiosis ecosystem of fish and grass could absorb the nutrition of the waste water which supplied a feasible condition of normal growth, and was the food of the fish, so it was an important meaning.To evaluate the effect of biofiltration provided by terraneous on a closed system of recirculating water, adaptive comparisons were made on effluent irrigated Lolium multiform Lam. planted in the models of tray, float and soil soilless cultures. Comparison between the three culture models, tray hydroponic culture showed the best adaptability due to low content of free radical, MDA and free proline, good growth condition and high N and P absorbed by the plant followed by floating soilless and the soil cultures.To estimate the effect of bio-filtration of terrestrial pasture Lolium multiform Lam. on a recirculating aquaculture system with a low cost and simple construct, tray and floating soilless cultures were made by means of artificial substratum. It was showed that plant height and biomass rised parabolicly in the two culture models of Lolium multiform Lam., and the total nitrogen and phosphorus decreased exponentially in the aquacultural wastewater. The other parameters of water quality were improved in various degrees. The growth rates and purification efficiency of the tray soilless culture were obviously better than those of the floating soilless culture. Symbiosis system made up of tray soilless culture of Lolium multiform Lam. and tilapia would be a great development foreground.Tray soilless culture evolved by the nutrient flow technology in which there was only a layer of nutrient liquid and the oxygen was very enough was designed to improve the effect of wastewater purified by the terraneous. It was showed that when the height of the tray was 1 cm, and six layers of clothes were laid on the tank to filtrate and hold wetness the wastewater, furthermore, the gradient of the tank was between 2 and 8, the tray soilless culture was the most feasible.There were a great deal of kinds of the grass with high quality and quantity fed to fish. To determine the best symbiosis ecosystem of fish and grass on a closed system circulated yearly, several cold and warm grass was selected to analyse the adaptability and nutrition absorbed. Itindicted that Lolium multiform Lam. and lemarthria compressa were the best option due to high adaptability of wetness, high coarse protein, fat and fibre and so on in the leaf, high biomass, high bio-filtration effect of N and P, adaption to the low or high temperature, resist to the plant diseases and insect pests, and the food of fish whose forage was grass.Research on the symbiosis ecosystem of Lolium multiform Lam. and tilapia showed that the largest load was 2159.66g m"3, and the best quality offish and grass was 0.222. The ecosystem would destroy when the load was more.更多还原