【作者】 车丽萍；

【导师】 黄希庭；

【作者基本信息】 西南师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 自信是个体人格结构中起驱动作用的一个重要因素，对个体的心理活动与心理发展均有重要作用。自从Maslow(1943)首次论及自信以来，这方面研究迄今只是零散所见，未见有对自信的专门的、系统的研究。本研究以文化本位的心理学研究为导向、系统结构假设为出发点，采用多种研究方法对当代大学生的自信做了全面、系统的探讨。整个研究共分八个部分。 第一章 绪论 从文化本位的研究取向切入本研究的问题背景与研究意义，综述了有关自信研究的理论与实证研究，在此基础上提出了本研究的思路与理论构想。 第二章 大学生自信系统的理论建构 在文献回顾的基础上，通过对大学生被试的开放式问卷调查与访谈，提出自信心是一个系统，探索了自信系统的基本建构维度，形成了大学生自信系统的层次结构模型。 第三章 大学生自信系统结构的实证研究 用大学生自信预试问卷对389名大学生进行测试，采用因素分析探析和验证大学生自信系统结构的基本维度与模型构成。结果表明：大学生自信结构模型由4个维度、13个因子构成，即整体自傲综合确认、总体肯定、否定自我)，学业自信(动手创造、专业信心、外语信心)，社交自信(家人老师、同学他人)与身体自信(体育运动、健康素质、动作身材、仪表表情、长相身高)。研究表明大学生自信问卷具有较好的信度与效度。 第四章 大学生自信的发展及相关研究 这部分由发展研究与相关研究构成，共包含五项研究研究4至研究8)。研究4通过对931名大学生被试的正式测查，揭示了大学生在性别、年级、学校类型等主要变量上的差异性及变化特点。研究5采用典型相关、多元回归及路径分析等方法对大学生自信与成就动机、综合测评成绩之间的关系进行考察，结果发现：大学生成就动机与自信之间相关显著，其中追求成功与自信及其诸维度之间存在显著正相关，而避免失败与自信及其诸维度之间呈显著负相关；综合测评成绩与自信的少数维度有显著相关，学生综合测评成绩与其成就动机相关不显著。研究6通过多元化研究手段对A、B型人格特征与个体自信的关系加以探讨，结果表明：个体性格特征与整体自信 基础心理学专业博士学位论文——当代大学生自信特点研究之间克Q日昆著正相关，而与其它三尸唯倒变间的相关寿太g匾著水平。研究7揭示出大学生自信与控制点之间的关系：个体夕腔性得分愈高、愈少内控倾向，其自信度愈低、对自身的正面肯定与积极确认愈少。研究吕对大学生自信、成就动机、人柏出贸记及内夕时刻颐向的总体振一察，得出以下结论：此四种人格特征之间存在不同程度的相关，虽然相掘髓锄，赅中大部u显著水釉叨．of或p＜0．ol），说明四种人格特iii：Zfed存在一致性，而相关程度的不同则反映了它们之间的差异性：大学生的成就动机、内5僻倾向与性别可有效d个体自信心；成就动机与控策u）axilxv生自信具有直接效应，控制点与性格特征对自信具有间接效应。 第五章 成败经验对大学生自信影响的实验研究 本研究设计了两个实验。实验一就他队描狈赠到龄时大学生自信的影响加以探讨，考察了不同自信度的大学生在成败情境中的表现，结果表明：皿VU戎功经验是影响个体自信的重要因素，特别是与个体类似的他人的成功经验可显著提高个体自信水平。实验二考察了个人遭偌纺阻虹裂险对大学生自信的影响，研究发现：三种不同的靴一腕的自信确有显著影响；个人人日功组大学生的自信明显高于个人失败组与控制组：个人直接成败经验是自信差异的原因，某领域的成功经验可显著提高个体在该领域的自信心。 第六量 大学生自信形成的访谈研究 本研穷历打勺名大学生进行了个案研究，对其中两名被抹演囚厅了深度访谈。从个案访谈的过程分析可以看出：不同自信度个体的自信状况菊守日差异，其自信形廊岗日观出各自不同的特点；个体自信的形成娜岂卜个体自身与外界环境脯面因素，学业与社交是大学生最关注的自信层面，也是其自信形成的主要来源；自信的形成受诸多因素制约，是一个发展变化的动态过程，并存在内隐与外显两个不同层次；自信具有情境性与领域特进制生，但亦可由一层面向其它层面泛化、迁移。 第七章 总的讨论 主要就研究的测验工具、大学生自信的特点、与其它人格特征的关系、影响因素及自信的形咸说曲厅了概括，并对本研究存在的问题与进—步探索的方向进行了讨论。 第J＼章 结论 总结了本课题系列研究所获得的主要结论。 总之，本研究以多种研究亢法，从不同视野对当代大学生自停0系统进行了较全面的研究，获得了当代我国大学生自信心的结构、特点、变化、影响因素等方面较丰富的第一手资料。这项研究不仅开辟了大学企乙理学研究的新领域，而且也丰富了人格理论，为中国化的人格0理学建设提供了理论启示与实证资料，对人力资源开发和维护大学虫＊理健康都具有重要理论和实践意义。同时也能为学生健全人格的养成教育、开展个性化成才教育提供重要启示，对整个民族素质的提高也具有借鉴作用和价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Self-confidence is an important factor in individual personality structure, it can prompt personal mental activity and mental development However, since the first time when Maslow put forward the notion of self-confidence in 1943, there have been very few researches specially and systematically devoted to the exploration of self-confidence and not yet formed the specialized domain that study of self-confidence in domestic or international up to now. This research program was the first attempt to systematically study the self-confidence. Taking the perspective of psychology of personality and treating self-confidence in our own cultural background, in view of systematic structure assumption, this research program studied the self-confident characteristics of university students specially and systematically with diversified means. Centered around different research aspects, this whole dissertation was divided into eight parts.Part One: introduction. Through the discussion of the study tendency based on culture, the research problems and the significance of this study were brought forward. The existing literature on theoretical and empirical research of self-confidence was reviewed, whereby the whole research plan and framework of this research program were established and outlined.Part Two: Study on the structural dimensions of self-confidence of university students. By investigating university students using open-ended questionnaire and interviewing, theoretical and empirical literatures were collected. On this basis, the essential and structural dimensions of self-confidence were explored, and the hierarchical structure model of self-confidence of university students was built up.Part Three: Empirical study on the systematic structure of self-confidence of university students. The researcher investigated 389 undergraduates using the self-confidence questionnaire for pretest, then explored and verified the structural model and dimensions of self-confidence by means of factor analysis. The conclusion is so such: the structural model of self-confidence of university students consisted of 4 dimensions and 13 factors, namely the whole self-confidence (synthesized confirmation, total affirmation, negative self), school self-confidence (handling and creation, profession confidence, confidence of foreign language), social self-confidence (familymembers and teacher, classmates and others) and physical self-confidence (physical activity, health quality, action and figure, appearance and facial expression, looks and stature); The questionnaire of self-confidence has good reliability and validity.Part Four: Study on the developmental and correlative tendencies of university students’ self-confidence. This part consisted of 5 researches (research 4-8). Research 4 investigated 931 university students, indicated the differences and developmental variety trend, characteristics of self-confidence of university students on the primary measures, such as sex, grade and school type. Research 5 studied the relations of university students’ self-confidence with achievement motivation and school scores by means of canonical analysis, linear regression, and path analysis. It found that the relations of university students’ self-confidence and achievement motivation is remarkable, the notable correlation only found for a few dimensions of self-confidence with students’ school scores, and the correlation of achievement motivation and students’ school scores was not evident Research 6 examined the relation of type A personality and self-confidence by using of diversified study means. The results showed: There is evident correlation between individual personality characteristics and the whole self-confidence, but its correlation with other 3 dimensions of self-confidence did not reach statistical level. Research 7 explored the correlation between university students’ serf-confidence and locus of control: the higher scores they got in the control scale, the little internal tendency they had, and their self-confident degree is mor更多还原