铝电解预焙阳极改性实验室研究及工业试验

【作者】 肖劲；

【导师】 刘业翔； 殷恩生； 杨建红；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 有色金属冶金， 2001， 博士

【摘要】 本文针对我国预焙铝电解工业生产中电耗和碳耗高的现状，首先在实验室条件下成功地研制合成了新型低成本预焙改性阳极复合添加剂，然后将该种添加剂技术首次应用在我国大型预焙铝电解槽上，并取得了良好的节能降耗和增效的效果。 在实验室研究过程中，作者在传统的电化学研究方法的基础上加以改进，使测量的精度和实验的重现性均得到了较大的改善；应用所筛选的Al、Mg、F、O复合添加剂在不同的地点、利用不同的原料来源制备成功了三类改性阳极（A类、B类和AB类），进行了物理性能、化学性能和电化学性能的测试，测试结果表明： 1、与对比阳极相比，三类添加剂改性阳极物理性能均达到生产要求，但原料来源不同会对阳极物理性能有所影响； 2、当阳极电流密度为1A/cm²时，三类改性阳极降低过电压的顺序依次为，B类效果最好（79mV左右），AB类次之（74mV左右），A类效果最差（61mV左右），实验结果同时表明，当焙烧温度增加时（由1100℃增加到1250℃）改性阳极降低阳极过电压方面效果要差些； 3、抗空气和CO₂氧化性实验表明，含有1wt％的A类改性阳极和含有1.5wt％AB类改性阳极与空气和CO₂的反应速率明显地低于对比阳极，而B类改性阳极与空气及CO₂的反应速率与对比阳极相比几乎没有区别。 将AB类改性阳极应用于工业试验，通过四个月的工业试验，结果表明：四台试验槽比四台对比槽平均电耗降低106.1Kwh/吨铝，平均电流效率提高0.72％以上，阳极碳耗平均降低11.6Kg/吨铝，获得了显著的节能、降耗和增效的效果。工业试验成果通过了由国家有色工业局组织的鉴定，并获得了广西区科技进步三等奖。 本文最后就实验室研究项目的工程化问题进行了初步的探讨，并对本项技术的全面推广提出了设想和改进意见。更多还原

【Abstract】 In view of the situation of high electric energy and carbon consumption in the process of aluminum electrolysis, a new type of low-cost compound additive used for pre-baked anode is prepared in laboratory. This compound additive is successfully used to aluminum electrolysis industry and some good results have been achieved.In laboratory research, several causes affecting the precision of measurements were analyzed; a cell configuration was used for over-voltage studies. An improved current interruption technique is used with current interrupted in less than 2ps and a simulation is applied to the oscillating potential decay curve.Three types of property-changed anodes (type A, type B and type AB) containing Al, Mg, F, and 0 were prepared in different place and with different raw material source. The physical, chemical and electro-chemical properties testing results show: Firstly, three types of property-changed anodes can meet the demands of production, but the physical property will be changed with the different raw material source. Secondly, when the anode current density is lA/cmJ, type B shows the best effect of lowing over-voltage (about 79mV), type AB lows about 74mV, type A lows about 61mV, in the mean time, with the increasing of baking temperature (from 1100 癈 to 1250 癈), the result of lowing anode over-voltage become bad. Thirdly, the experiment of resisting air and COj reaction shows, the property-changed anodes containing lwt% type A or 1.5wt% type AB additives have better effect in resisting air and CO: reaction than contrasting anodes, but those which contain type B additives have hardly effect comparing with contrasting ones.The property-changed anodes containing 1. 5wt% are applied in industry test for 4 months, the result shows, test cells have reduced electric energy 106. IKwh per ton Aluminum, increased current efficiency 0. 72%, anodes consumption have reduced ll.BKg per ton Aluminum, with comparing to contrasting anodes. The results of saving energy, reducing carbon consumption and increasing efficiency are very marked. This technological achievement passed the appraisal and gained reward.更多还原