【作者】 赵凌侠；

【导师】 李景富；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2000， 博士

【摘要】 番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.1754）是一种世界性经济作物，在蔬菜供应中占有举足轻重的地位（Warnock 1988，Atherton 1989，沈德绪1957）。番茄所含的番茄红素和胡萝卜素具有抗氧化功能，食用番茄可以延缓衰老和预防癌症（Mascio 1989），使番茄的食用价值倍受关注。 目前番茄生产面临着低温逆境和黄瓜花叶病毒病（CMV）这两大威胁，严重地影响着番茄的产量和品质，这也是摆在番茄育种者面前的两大难题，之所以一直尚未攻克，原因当然很多，主要限制因子是缺乏可利用的遗传资源，可见番茄遗传资源的创新和拓宽成了解决这一问题的关键。不过栽培番茄因长期栽培驯化和现代育种的“瓶颈”效应，遗传背景逐渐狭窄，遗传多样性日趋贫乏，以致于缺乏培育耐冷和抗CMV品种所需的遗传资源，使该领域的研究目前尚无突破性进展。 针对生产中存在的实际问题，我们把注意力放到了对改良番茄耐低温和抗黄瓜花叶病毒病（CMV）颇具潜力的类番茄茄（Solanum lycopersicoides）上。目的是想通过对S.lyco.的研究，拓宽番茄遗传资源，为解决番茄育种和生产中存在的难题提供可供选择的遗传材料和理论依据。 本研究对由Rick番茄遗传中心TGRC（Tomto Genetic Resources Center, Dept.Vegetable Crops，University of California，Davis）提供的5份类番茄茄材料（LA1990、LA2386、LA2730、LA2776、LA2951）从①生物学特性、②抗病（TMV、CMV和叶霉病）、③在逆境（低温和弱光）胁迫下生理指标的变化、④S.lycopersicoides与Lycopersicon属的亲缘关系和⑤受精前的亲合性进行了研究。研究结果如下：1S.lycopersicoides植物学特性①种子大小介于栽培番茄和野生番茄之间，发芽有障碍，可以通过50％的次氯酸处理得到解决。②叶片具齿，奇数羽状复叶，小叶9～13枚，叶长×叶宽=15.13×13.05cm~2，叶片振动有特殊香味；每mm~2叶片平均气孔数为195个；子叶细长。③花瓣黄色浅裂，花药白色、顶裂，顶颈可育，长柱头外露。④花粉具3孔沟，直径为31.228μm。⑤果实为绿色小果。2S.lycopersicoides生长发育习性 赵凌侠 摘要ZO以）5 ①蔓生，属无限生长类型，生长势和分枝性强。 ②属短日作物，日长反应需一定的植株大小和日照长度，花有昼开夜闭的习性。 ③自交不结实，株间授粉结实率为 10％左右。 3S小以persicoidtrr抗逆性 ①苗期相对电解质渗出率和细胞膜伤害率的结果表明，SlyCO比T16、UC82B更耐冷， 差异达极显著水平。 ②苗期相对电解质渗出率与细胞膜伤害率间呈极显著正相关，相关方程为： Y＝－46896ed．954lX beo．9078””，n＝14） Y膜的伤害串，X一电解质相对渗出率 ＠D／H（茎粗／＄高）、SLA（比叶面积 Specific Leaf ra）和 Db（叶绿素 b）变化趋势 表明S｛Wo．比L．hirs．和Lescu更适于弱光下生长。 ④SlyCO对番茄M（lob。CCOmOS。IC V。）和 CMV（CuC。bermOS8lC V。）达到 了高抗水平；La386对叶霉病免疫，LAI”0、LAZ刀0、LAZ 776和LAZ卯1对叶霉病 的抗性也达到了接近高抗的水平。 4S yCOpe。Icods与办口V址。con亲缘关系 ①用 26个随机引物对 48份材料（包括 5份SlyCO）的基因组 DNA进行扩增，共检测到 了201个位点，每个引物平均检测到773个位点；其中多态位点为146个，占总位点 的刀64％。 ②综合形态和W（Random a！nplffied polpeorphic DNA）标记研究结果，可将Shao． 与 LyCopersicon属（共 9个种）48份材料分为 4个类群，A类群为番茄野生种组，B类 群为：番茄野生种和栽培番茄半野生种组，C类群为：栽培番茄组，D类群为；类番茄 茄（Slvco）组。 ③3：tw与砂印p们北on 9个种间的遗传距离介于 0．3044）406 fd，亲缘夫系由近及远 的if＠序为L．chi［、L．pc。、L．gha．、Lpmp．L．chml、L．hlrs．、Lchee．、L．es。、L．penn．L．p。。 SSlyCope。ICO。小S与LyC OpS。ICOO亲合性 3：lyCO．的花粉在 L．Chil、Lcscu和 Lpenn的柱头上均可以顺利地萌友，只是比对应的自 交组迟些；花粉管在Lclli［和Lescu．的花柱中可以伸长到子房，Lclll的数量要比L。 的多，不过比自交组要少得多：S w．花粉管在 bxr，erslcon的花柱中伸长行障碍c 本研究意义 该研究的意义在于 上 ①将番茄遗传资源研究拓宽到了属间： ＠通过生长发育习性和抗逆性的研究，进一步确认了SlycO对番茄遗传资源改良的潜 力，使S恤O．的遗传?更多还原

【Abstract】 Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miii. 1754) is world economic crop and has important place in vegetable production (Warnock 1988, Atherton 1989, Dexu Shen 1957). Tomatin and carotin in tomatoes both have the tbnction of resistance for oxidation, eating tomato could postpone senility and prevent cancers (Mascio 1989), and the edible value of tomato is given much attention.The low temperature stress and CMV threat the tomato production, affect tomato yield and quality seriously, they are also the difficult problems to tomato breeders, the main limit factor is short of useful genetic resources. this is why they are not solved until now, the creation and broaden of torhato genetic resources is the key to solve the problems. Because of the domestication of common tomatoes and the bottleneck effect of modern breeding, narrow genetic background, lacking genetic diversification, there are lack of the genetic resources to breed varieties with resistances of cold and CMV, so there are no breakthrough in the field.We put the emphasis on Solanum lycopersicoides which is potential to improve the tomato resistances of low temperature stress and CMV.Through the research of S.lyco. tomato genetic resources broaden and supply of more selectable materials, we could provide genetic materials and theory basis to solve the difficult problems in tomato breeding and production.Five S.lycopersicoides provided by TGRC are studied on ?biological characters @I~disease resistances(TMV, CMV, Tomato leaf mould) ?~) changes under stresses(low temperature and low light level) ?genetic relationship between S.lycopersicoides and Lycopersicon ?affinity before fertilization. The following is the summary:1.Botanic characters of S.lycopersicoides?Seed size is between cultivated and wild tomato, seed germinating barrier could be broken by the treatment of seeds with 50% hypochlorous acid(I-LCIO).?Leaves of S.lycopersicoides is odd pinnately compound leaves. 9-13 leaflets, with sawtooth margin; leaf length x leaf width is 15.13 x 13 05cm; Theaverage stomas number per 1mm2 leaf is 195; The leaves have distinctive fragrance when they are vibrated; The cotyledon is long and slim.?The petals are yellow with slight breach, anthers are white and burst at top with fertile upper-neck, exserted stigma.~D Pollens are tricolporate, diameter is 31.228 t-~ m.(~)The fruits are small green berries.2.Growth and development habits of S.lycopersicoides?S./ycopersicoides belongs to indeterminated type with rampant plants, strong growth potential and sprouting.?S.lycopersicoides is short-day crop, photoperiod reaction needs certain old plants and duration of daylight, the flower opens at daytime and closes at night.?S. lycopersicoides is self-sterile, fruit-setting rate is 10% by pollinated among plants.3.Stress resistance of S.IycopersicoidesoFrom the comparison of relative electrolyte effusive rate and membrane damage rate at seedling stage, S.lycopersico ides can tolerate more cold than Tl-6 and UC82B, and the variation arrives at 1% level of significance.?There is positive relationship at 1% level of significance between relative electrolyte effusive rate and membrane damage rate at seedling stage, the relation equation is: Y-4.6896+0.954 1X (r0.9078 * *, i.i 14)i.Y梞embrane damage rate, X梕lectrolyte relative effusive rate?It is obvious that S. lycopersicoides is more adapted to grow at low light level from the changing trend of D/H (stem diameter/plant height), SLA (special leaf area), and Db (chlorophyll b).0S.lycopersico ides has high resistant to TMV and CMV; close high resistant to tomato leaf mould except LA2386 which is immune to the disease.4.Genetic relationship between S.Iycopersicoides and Lycopersicon?The DNA of 48 materials genome is amplified with 26 random primers, 201 loci are detected totally, average 7.73 loci per primer; polymorphic loci is 146,takes 72.64% in total loci.?From the morphorlogical markers and results of RAPD, 48 S. lycopersicoides and Lycopersicon (9 s更多还原