Using FLAC,a column of thirty six elements closer to the vertically symmetric axis of plane strain model and below the floor of the roadway is monitored to obtain the distributions of horizontal stress(similar to the hoop stress around a circular roadway) and the vertical stress(similar to the radial stress) at different confining pressures.In elastic stage,the adopted constitutive relation of rock was linear elastic;in strain-softening stage,a composite Mohr-Coulomb criterion with tension cut-off and a pos...
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