Recent research progress in nanocrystalline materials by mechanical alloying has been reviewed, With its focus on the preparation, microstructure characterization, and properties of mechanically alloyed nanocrystalline materials such as high strength aluminum alloys, copper alloys, refractory metallic compounds, metallic hydrogen storage materials, and rare-earth permanent magnetic composites. On this basis, summary remarks are presented on the advantageous aspects and prospects of mechanical alloying as a ...