Camellia taliensis is a critically species endemic to southern Yunnan, China. We assessed the genetic variability within and among eleven populations of this species using AFLP marker. At species level: Nei’s (1973) gene diversity (He) was 0.099, and Shannon’s Information index (Ho) 0.178; at the population level: He=0.083, Ho =0.137; A low level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected based on Gst =0.1606 (16.1%), Shannon’s diversity index (16.04%), and AMOVA (19.03%). Pairwise genetic id...