Effects of Rotation with Legume and Nitrogen Application on Yield and Mineral Nutrition of Wheat Grain and Its Soil Mechanism on Dryland of the Loess Plateau
小麦是我国第二大粮食作物,也是北方的主要粮食作物,特别是在土壤微量元素缺乏的陕、甘、宁、青和新等地区,面食是居民最主要的食物来源。提高小麦籽粒矿质营养元素品质对黄土高原缺素区具有重要意义。本文以夏休闲-小麦为对照,研究了翻压不同豆科作物(绿豆、大豆、秋豆)和不同氮肥水平(0、108、135、162 kg/hm2)对小麦产量和籽粒矿质元素含量的影响;通过分析豆科作物和小麦不同生长时期0-40cm土壤营养元素含量变化,探讨了翻压豆科绿肥和施氮对小麦籽粒矿质养分影响的土壤机制。结果表明:
1、第一年对绿肥种植土壤水分消耗明显,使后茬小麦生长期间土壤水分降低,产量降低9.7%~26.6%,第二年对土壤水分无显著影响。翻压绿肥后,小麦籽粒营养元素锌、磷、钾、钙和镁分别平均增加22.0%、18.5%、8.8%、7.9%和7.8%。不同氮肥处理中,108 kg N/hm2获得了较高的小麦产量。随施氮量增加,小麦籽粒氮、硫、钙、铁、铜表现出增加趋势;磷、镁和锰含量呈降低趋势;钾、锌、硼、铝含量无显著变化。
2、与休闲相比,种植和翻压豆科绿肥后,第一年和第二年小麦播前土壤有机质分别提高15.6%和9.1%, p...
【英文摘要】
Wheat is the second important staple food after rice in China, and it is also the major staple food in northern China, especially in the provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, and Xinjiang where soil micro-nutrient deficiency is common and the wheat flour is the most important source of food. Thus it is of profound importance to study effects of rotation with leguminous green manure and N input levels on wheat yield and grains nutrient contents on dryland of Loess Plateau which is a typical zone wit...