China is the second largest energy consumer in the world. In China, building energy consumption has increased over 10% each year for the last 20 years and now represents 25-40% of all energy consumed, especially for HVAC. Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)systems are the cost-effective space conditioning systems available today. Vertical U-tube heat exchangers are the most widely used heat exchangers for large GSHP systems.
In this thesis according to the heat transfer characteristics of single vertical gro...