肝细胞癌(Hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC)是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤,近年来全球HCC发病率正在逐步上升,每年新发HCC病例超过100万,其中约50%发生在中国内地。同时,HCC也是世界第三位常见的肿瘤相关死亡原因,位列我国恶性肿瘤病死率的第二位。目前已知乙(Hepatitis B Virus, HBV)、丙(Hepatitis C Virus, HCV)型肝炎病毒感染、饮酒、暴露于黄曲霉素及氯乙烯是HCC发病的高险因素,但对于HCC发生发展的主要机制尚无明确结论。如何降低HCC逐步上升的高发病率,从而达到预防肝癌的目的仍是目前亟待解决的难题。
HCC有一个显著的流行病学特点:肿瘤发生率上的性别差异现象。据统计,全球每年男性HCC发病率约为35.2/10万,女性HCC发病率约为13.3/10万,总体上男女性HCC发病率之比约为2:1~4:1,伴肝硬化的HCC男女发病率之比更是达到11:1。HCC发病率的性别差异现象很早就受到关注,早期研究主要从社会环境因素的角度去解释,如HBV或HCV的男性高感染率、男性饮酒和吸烟率高于女性等,近来遗传与性激素的作用越来越受到重视。关于性激...
【英文摘要】
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies with an increased morbidity recently, and about 50% cases occur in china. Also, HCC accounts for the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and the second in china. The predominant mechanisms leading to HCC is still poorly understood, what we know is that some factors are associated with an increased risk of development of the cancer, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), aflatoxin, vinyl chloride, and ...