化学农药的过度使用,不仅对环境造成了污染,而且对人类身体健康造成了威胁。高效、低毒、环境友好型的生物农药的研究与开发是破解化学农药两难选择的重要途径。我国具有丰富的微生物和药用植物资源,以它们为研究对象,筛选出具有抑菌活性的微生物或植物,并对抑菌成分进行分离纯化及结构鉴定,可以为我国生物农药的开发提供先导化合物。本文对木霉的抑菌活性进行了筛选,对高活性菌株的抑菌机理进行了初步研究。另外,对花椒的主要抑菌成分在活性追踪指导下进行了分离纯化,并对其化学结构进行了鉴定。研究结果如下:
1.从山东省不同地区采集土样82份,分离纯化得到23株木霉(Trichoderma)菌株,并应用对峙培养法测定了分离自山东省不同地区的23株木霉对灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)、茄链格孢(Alter naria solani)、疫霉(Phytophthora capsici)、禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)、尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum)、尖孢镰刀菌萎蔫专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfect...
【英文摘要】
Overusing chemical pesticides not only had caused environment pollution, but also had threaten human health. Research and development of biological pesticides is an important approach to resolve the dilemma of chemical pesticides. China has rich resources of microorganisms and medicinal plants, from which the microorganisms and plants possessing high fungicidal activities can be screened, ingredient which has antifungal activities can be isolated, purified and identified. That can provide lead compounds for...