草鱼(Gtenopharyngodon idellus)是我国产量最大的淡水鱼之一。脆肉鲩(Ctenopharyngodon idellus C. et V)是草鱼经脆化养殖所得的产品,其组织结构、质构与草鱼存在明显差异,因其具有爽脆口感而深受消费者欢迎。本课题以脆肉鲩为对象研究了其肌肉的微观结构、营养成分和质构特性在脆化养殖中的变化,以及脆肉鲩肌肉的热特性,质构特性和贮藏稳定性,以为脆肉鲩的加工贮藏提供理论基础。主要研究内容及结果如下:
(1)观察研究了草鱼脆化前后肌肉及肌纤维的差异。采用组织染色和胶原蛋白染色观察发现草鱼脆化后,肌束排列更紧密,肌束膜增厚,特别是肌隔膜中胶原蛋白的沉积增多。通过透射电镜可以看到,脆化后肌原纤维的肌节长度由1.90μm增加到了2.04μm,暗带长度没有变化,明带长度上升了40%,肌纤维面积也由2.27μm2增大到了3.15gm2,增大了39%。
(2)研究了草鱼脆化过程中肌肉营养成分和质构特性的变化。脆化养殖后肌肉固形物、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均有所上升。脆肉鲩背部和腹部肌肉粗蛋白含量分别上升了1.99%、0.68%;粗脂肪含量则分别上升了2...
【英文摘要】
Grass carp(Gtenopharyngodon idellus) is one of the freshwater fish which occupied the largest yields in China. The grass carp after a breeding of making grass crap muscle crisp was known as crisp grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus C. et V). A significant difference was observed in microstructure and textural properties between grass carp and crisp grass carp, which was appreciated by customers because of its crispy taste. The changes of the microstructure, nutritional ingredient and texture proport...