中国的药用植物资源十分丰富,其研究和利用也有着悠久的历史。药用植物含有特殊的药用成分和一些农作物所不具有的抗耐病虫害、抗逆等优良的农艺性状。通过有性杂交、原生质体融合和转基因等途径将药用植物有利的遗传资源导入农作物之中已经在水稻、胡萝卜、葡萄、油菜等作物中得到尝试性研究和利用,其目的主要包括(1)利用药用植物的特殊抗耐性改良农作物,(2)将药用植物的药用化学成分导入农作物以改良品质性状,(3)利用农作物产量高、栽培容易等优点规模化生产珍稀药用植物的某些药用成分,同时对药用植物进行遗传研究。为此,我们对甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.,2n=38)与菘蓝(Isatis indigotica Fort.,2n=14)进行了有性杂交,以期改良油菜抗病性和芸薹属植物的化学成分以创建出满足特殊需要的蔬菜、油料和饲料新材料。我们对杂种及其后代进行了形态学和细胞学观察,并利用基因组原位杂交(Genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)和扩增片段长度多态性(Amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)方法进行了分析。主要结果为:
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【英文摘要】
Genetic resources of medicinal plants which have been researched and used for long are very rich in China. Medicinal plants contain medicinal components and other agricultural characters, for example the resistance to plant diseases and insect pests, stress tolerance and so on. It has been reported that genetic resources of medicinal plants were transferred into crops such as rice, carrot, grape and oilseed rape by the methods of sexual cross, somatic hybridization and gene engineering, to aim at (1) improv...