Objectives This study sought to determine whether electrical and machine remodeling of ventricle has effected on advanced heart failure by chronic rapid right ventricular pacing at 230±10 beats per minute for 3 weeks in a canine pacing - induced congestive heart failure model.Methods Ten dogs were divided into 2 groups, namely control group and CHF group: Pacing group (PC , n = 5) :pacing rate 230±10 beats per minute;: Sham operation control (SO , n = 5). The control group received sham operation , while t...