Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection was now recognized as the primary cause of active chronic gastritis. The organism also appeared to play a pivotal role in peptic ulcer disease, and epidemiological data had also suggested that persistent infection with this bacterium is a risk factor for the development of gastric carcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in adults. It was also associated with gastro-intestinal diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer in children. Hp adher...