The life activity of plant materials is minimized near to the zero in liquid nitrogen, so cryopreservation is a safe and cost-effective method for long-term preservation of plant materials at an ultra-low temperature in liquid nitrogen. Vitrification is a main cryopreservation method because of its simple operating and simplified procedure. In this study, main steps of vitrification cryopreservation consisting of sub-culture, cold hardening, preculture, frozen storage, thawing and recovery-mediu...