Lactobacilli have been widely applied to exert health benefits for human and animals.This article reviewed the recent advances in the mechanisms underlying the health-promoting functions of Lactobacilli.Lactobacilli can secrete antimicrobial compounds(lactic acid,H2O2 or bacteriocin),or compete with pathogenic bacteria for nutrient or attachment site in the intestinal tract.Probiotic Lactobacilli are suggested to strengthen the epithelial barrier by induction of mucin secretion or prevention of epithelial c...