Thyroid nodule is the most common disease of head and neck. The differentiate diagnosis of its malignancy mostly relies on the examination of ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration. Both of the methods have some shortcomings and disadvantages, which should be concerned by the clinician. As for the reatment, most of the benign nodules could be treated conservatively. The indication and the approach of the operation should be considered carefully for those who need surgery.