The cottonseeds were extracted by Soxhlet extraction,10 fatty acids were separated and identified by GC-MS.The contents of the identified fatty acids add up to 99.52%,the major fatty acids are Hexadecanoic acid(26.68%) and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(66.05%).The water distillation-extractor was used for extracting the volatile substances in the cottonseeds,and the average yield of oil obtained was 0.8%.16 chemical components were identified by GC/MS.Of them the main component is: Caryophyllene(33.27%).