The component and physidogical functions of perrilla frutescens seed oil are comprehensively summarized. Experiments show that perrilla frutescens seed oil bountifully consisting of α-linolenic acid has physiological functions to decrease blood fat, to prevent brain thrombus and myocardial infarction, to promote the development of nervous system, brain and retina, to enhance brain function and memory capacity, to prevent dementia of the aged, allergy, anti_tumor and so on.