Improving whey protein functionality can be accomplished by modifications,which increase their food applications.Whey protein modification methods include chemical,enzymatic and physical techniques.Acylation,amidation,esterification,phosphorylation,thiolation,reductive alkylation and covalent attachment of amino acids are chemical modifications.Enzymatical modification may entail partial proteolytic hydrolysis. Incorporation of intermolecular and intramolecular crosslinks with the protein conformation,and a...