Protoplasts with densities of 2 2×10 5/mL to 4 6×10 5/mL on average were isolated from different developing stages of young panicles of indica rice.The technique in which the isolated protoplasts encapsulated in sodium alginate beads and nursed on calli of japonica rice showed most efficiency. Another method of protoplasts encapsulated in sodium alginate beads without nurse feeder was also successful. Protoplasts were stable and their division and colony establishment in sodium alginate beads with nur...