Over the last several decades, harmful algal blooms (HABs) have emerged as a global concerned environmental problem due to its escalating trend in occurrence and great threat to health of wildlife and human. Multidisciplinary researches ranging from molecular and cell biology to large-scale field surveys, numerical modeling, and remote sensing from space are conducted to study HABs. Due to their virtues of rapid analysis speed and high sensitivity, emerging molecular techniques have been more and more appli...