Studies on Suitable Geographic Distribution and Risk Analysis of the Pine Armored Scale, Hemiberlesia Pitysophila Takagi (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in China
The pine armored scale of Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi had been considered as a serious and alien quarantine insect pest for its great damages to various evergreen pines and rapid spread ability in Guandong and Fujian provinces of China since 1982. Through a series of field and lab experiments, this paper demonstrates the scale's occurrence, geographic distribution, diffusive ways and relationships with the pine forest environment, effectve forest management practices, chemical and biological control tec...