During the period from 1961 to 2000, the annual mean temperature increased and precipitation varied markedly in four study sites in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountain. These historical climate changes may have had significant impacts on the growth of regional Picea schrenkiana forests that have not been previously quantified. We used the process-based biogeochemistry model BIOME-BGC and the dendroecological method to examine the impacts of climate change and the historical rises in atmospheric [CO2...