海南坡鹿(Cervus eldi hainanus)(下简称坡鹿,the eld's deer)是热带稀有鹿种一坡鹿(Cervus eldi)的4个亚种之一,国家一级保护动物,具有极高的生态和经济价值。由上世纪70年代的26头发展到现在约1200头坡鹿野生种群栖息在海南大田国家级自然保护区1314 hm~2的围栏内。目前围栏内坡鹿种群密度(population density)已超过0.9头/hm~2,在每年长达近8个月的旱季,饲草植物生长受阻,坡鹿面临巨大的营养压力。围栏是保护坡鹿的有效措施,但坡鹿的喜栖地是农牧业的重要地带,不可能一味地依靠增加围栏面积来保护和发展坡鹿。大田保护区和国家林业设计院拟订的《海南坡鹿拯救工程总体规划》强调,在围栏内以半散放饲养管理(feedingmanagement of semi-captive)作为坡鹿的主要饲养方式,但却因未能提出正确的营养参数和饲养技术而进行盲目实践。
坡鹿在围栏内主要采食草本和灌木类饲草(grass and shrub forage)。随着坡鹿的选择性采食,围栏内饲草的质和量会发生波动。坡鹿对饲草的采食种类和部位均有较强的选...
【英文摘要】
Hainan eld's deer (Cervus eldi hainanus) (written the eld's deer in this paper) is one of the four tropic rare deer species, it is regarded as the first-class animal under protection in China and as one of the severe endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCNI) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Presently, the natural population number of the eld's deer is about 1200, which was developed b...
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