近半个世纪以来,世界各国都把增施氮肥作为增加水稻产量的重要农业措施。充分挖掘和利用作物自身的潜力,筛选氮高效基因型水稻品种,是提高氮肥利用率、降低环境氮污染的最理想途径。本研究以115个水稻基因型为材料,利用大田试验,在0(不施氮肥)、低(10 kg N/666.7m~2)、中(15kg N/666.7m~2)、高(20kg N/666.7m~2)4个氮肥水平下,对水稻生育期的基因型差异进行分析,将供试水稻基因型分为7个生育期类型后,对不同生育期类型水稻籽粒产量的基因型差异、物质生产特性的基因型差异和氮素吸收利用特性的基因型差异及其对氮素的反应作了系统研究,在此基础上,对供试水稻基因型的氮效率作了评价,并进行了类型划分。主要研究结果如下:
(1)无论施氮水平如何,水稻全生育期均存在基因型差异,这种差异以不施氮条件下最小,随施氮水平提高基因型间差异呈增大趋势。从总体上看,随施氮水平提高,水稻全生育期明显延长,且延长幅度呈逐渐增加趋势。从生育期结构来看,适量施氮有利于促进水稻提前抽穗,但随施氮水平提高,抽穗呈延迟趋势;随施氮水平提高,水稻抽穗-成熟天数逐渐延长。从各生育期占全生育期的比例...
【英文摘要】
During the past half a century, all countries in the world took increasing nitrogen rate as an important agricultural measure to increase rice yield. It is an ideal approach for enhancing nitrogen use efficiency and reducing environmental pollution to explore and utilize crop's natural potential to screen N-efficient rice genotypes. A field experiment was carried out to study difference of response to nitrogen fertilization and nitrogen use efficiency of rice genotypes by using 115 rice genotypes as materia...