Fluid is generally transported in piping that connects fluid sources with users and belongs to a typical type of energy system. Piping is widely used in power equipment,industrial production,person's life and so on. For the design,operational analysis,optimization,control,and improvement of piping,it is necessary to combine the consideration of technology,energy and economy. In order to improve thermoecomomy of piping system,i.e. saving energy and reducing cost,the thermoeconomic synthetical prob...