The Loess Plateau is an important food production area in northwestern China.The area is located in arid or semi-arid regions and belongs to the rain-fed agricultural region.Without irrigation conditions,water is the main factor limiting the development of local agriculture.Moreover,the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall in this area is uneven,and high potential evapotranspiration could severely limit agricultural sustainable development in the region.Therefore,improving water use efficiency,prom...