The environmental temperature above the normal growth temperature is considered as heat stress or heat shock for the sessile plants.Heat and heat-related drought or other stress lead to a great loss in agriculture all over the world.Therefore,it is imperative to understand how plants perceive heat and how to improve thermotolerance in plants.Many signaling pathways are believed to be involved in heat stress responses,e.g.heat stress could trigger rapid[Ca2+]increase in cytopiasm.It is widely accepted that t...