蚕沙即蚕粪,是养蚕业的副产物,一直以来都未能得到很好的利用,仅用作饲料或肥料,甚至被视为废物而丢弃,从而造成资源的极大浪费。蚕沙中含有丰富的蛋白质和碳水化合物,其中也包括家蚕食用桑叶后残留下来的果胶,是一种极具潜力的果胶资源。本文以蚕沙为原料,采用酸水解-铁盐沉淀法提取天然低甲氧基果胶(low methoxyl pectin,LMP),并对其流变及凝胶性质进行研究。利用蚕沙LMP与高甲氧基果胶(high methoxyl pectin,HMP)制备复合凝胶,并以之为基质制备脂肪替代品(fat substitute,FS),应用于低脂蛋黄酱。以得率为指标,通过单因素和正交试验确定了蚕沙LMP的最佳提取条件:用0.25%草酸水解,水解条件为:料液比1:20(g/m L)、p H 1.5、85℃、60 min,沉淀条件为:p H 3.5、铁盐终浓度0.50%。采用该优化工艺处理蚕沙,果胶得率为5.93±0.05%。蚕沙LMP的性质分析结果表明:其半乳糖醛酸含量为69.58±0.31%、甲氧基含量5.62±0.04%、酯化度34.46±0.06%;红外光谱分析发现蚕沙LMP在1636 cm-1和1739 cm-1处出...
【英文摘要】
Silkworm excrement was a byproduct of sericulture, which was often used as animal feed or fertilizer. Siklworm excrement was rich in protein, carbohydrate and pectin. It was a potential pectin resource. In this paper, pectins were extracted from silkworm excrement by means of acid extraction and molysite precipitation. The rheological and gelling properties of the pectin were studied. Low methoxyl pectin(LMP) andhigh methoxyl pectin(HMP) were mixed to prepare a fat substitute(FS) which was used in low-fat m...
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