Since the1950s, the discharges in many rivers worldwide have met a remarkabledecrease due to climate change, as well as the water resources under intensedevelopment. The Yellow River basin mainly locates in the arid and semi-arid regionin the mid-latitude area, and the annual discharge in the Yellow River has droppedmore than70%during the last50years. As a result, the materials transport patternsand the fluxes from the land to the ocean have been greatly influenced. Especially inthe Yellow River estuary and...