Background and objective: Atrial fibrillation is the most frequently encountered sustained cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice at present and is a great hazard to human health, the incidence rate has gradually improved accompany with age. But its pathogenesis is not conclusive. The investigation of animal models of atrial fibrillation and human surgical specimens of atrial fibrillation has demonstrated that the incidence and maintenance of atrial fibrillation may be realated to myocardial fibrosis and g...