丙型肝炎是由丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)引起的传染性疾病,主要通过血源性传播。其临床上最显著的特征是慢性化,感染后约80%转为慢性肝炎,进而发展为肝硬化、肝细胞癌。全球范围内HCV感染人数达1.7亿,我国的感染者约4000多万人,丙型肝炎已经成为全球性严重的社会公共卫生问题之一。迄今抗HCV的治疗仅限于干扰素与利巴韦林联合使用,效果在不同基因型之间有很大差别,持续疗效约为40%。上述两种药物的副作用较大,患者常常不能耐受。另外由于HCV基因组变异大,存在“准种”现象,特别是可诱发产生中和性抗体的囊膜糖蛋白变异大,使得预防性和治疗性疫苗的研制存在很大困难。近年来随着蛋白酶和逆转录酶抑制剂在治疗艾滋病中的应用及取得的良好疗效,以蛋白酶和RNA聚合酶为靶点寻找特异有效的治疗药物成为HCV防治研究的热点和重要领域。
HCV为单股正链RNA病毒,属黄病毒科,肝炎病毒属。基因组全长约9.6kb,含有单一开放读码框(ORF),编码大约3011~3033个氨基
【英文摘要】
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is the causal agent of Hepatitis c and is transmitted primarily through blood-borne routes. Chronic infection is its distinct characteristic. About 80% infection would develop to chronic hepatitis that can result in liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma hereafter. It accounts for more than 170 million cases worldwide. In China, the number of infected people is over 40 million. HCV has been a global severe social public health problem. The present treatment for HCV infection is α-...