Apple is one of the most important fruit in China, but apple industry is hindered by low yield and poor quality. The resolution is to bread excellent cultivars and rootstocks. Protoplasts culture and fusion, which can expanded the genetic recombination and transfer distant traits, have great potential for breeding. To date only regeneration of plants from apple protoplast has been reported in limited genotypes. Therefore, it is significant to further study protoplast culture and fusion which could create ne...