With the increasing global water crisis, water-saving cultivation in agricultural production has been regarded as a serious issue for a long term. Nonflooded mulching rice cultivation systems (NMRCS), as brand new water saving techniques, have aroused special and wide attention nationally and internationally since 1980s. Rice-wheat (R-W) rotation systems are the main cropping systems in south China. Water and nutrient (especially nitrogen) are the two critical factors that restrict the productivi...