As a worldwide distribute pest, Cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, attracts lots of attentions. The rapid development of resistance to insecticides has brought the difficulty in the field control of this important pest. However, little has been understood about its neuro-targets of insecticides, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC3.1.1.7), nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and sodium channel. In this paper, systematic studies on the neuro-targets of conventional insecticides have been...