【摘要】 目的:评价乌鲁木齐市美沙酮维持治疗门诊中海洛因成瘾者在吸毒行为、违法犯罪行为、性行为等特征变化情况,为艾滋病防制措施的制定提供依据。方法:对进入美沙酮维持治疗的170名海洛因成瘾者进行问卷调查,调查其在人口学、吸毒行为和性行为等情况,而后在随访6个月时再进行调查。结果:在入组6个月后,170名受治者中有55.29%(94/170)保留在美沙酮维持治疗中,有44.71%(76/170)从美沙酮维持治疗中脱失。基线调查时过去3个月的共用针具率为44.07%(26/59),6个月时过去3个月的共用针具率下降至25.42%(15/59),海洛因使用天数从基线时的平均每月的(28.40±2.07)天下降到中期评估时平均每月的(1.90±1.10)天。有工作的比率从基线调查时的32.98%(31/94)上升6个月时的47.87%(45/94)。结论:美沙酮维持治疗在减少高危吸毒行为、性行为,减少犯罪,改善家庭、社会功能等方面是有效的。美沙酮维持治疗应在全国范围内推广,以控制艾滋病在吸毒人群中的传播。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To evaluate the changes of drug taking,criminal and sexual behavior among heroin addicts in methadone maintenance treatment(MMT)in Urumqi city,providing information for AIDS control and prevention.Methods:170 MMT patients were interviewed using questionnaire for demographic features,drug abuse and sexual behavior.Follow-up interviews were conducted 6 months(mean)after the first interview.Results:Six months after admission,52% of the subjects were kept on methadone maintenance and 48% dropped out.The percentage of participants in sharing needles and syringes in the pasted three months declined from 44.07% at baseline to 25.42% at the medium-term follow-up.Average heroin use dropped from an average of(28.40±2.07)days per month at baseline to(1.90±1.10)days per month after 6 months.44% of 170 MMT patients self-reported not using heroin during follow-up.The average number of days of illicit injecting reduced from 25.7 to 10.8 days.Employment increased from 32.98%(31/94)before treatment to 47.87%(45/94)after 6 months.Treatment satisfaction rating was increased,but it was not significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:MMT was effective in reducing high-risk drug abusing behavior,sexual behavior,crime,improving family and social function.MMT should be expanded in our country to control rapid spread of HIV among drug users.更多还原