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黄河源区径流变化及其对降水的响应

Runoff Variation and Responses to Precipitation in the Source Regions of the Yellow River

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【作者】 董晓辉姚治君陈传友

【Author】 DONG Xiao-hui~(1,2),YAO Zhi-jun~1,CHEN Chuan-you~1(1.Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;2.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China.)

【机构】 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京100101中国科学院研究生院北京100049北京100101

【摘要】 本文研究了黄河源区近50年来的径流、降水的变化规律,并在此基础上分析了两者之间的内在联系,探讨了降水对黄河源区径流变化的影响。结果显示,黄河源区近50年的降水和径流变化规律具有一定的相似性。一方面,20世纪60年代~90年代的平均径流量的总体趋势为“多-少-多-少”,吉迈测站的径流年际波动比较剧烈,玛曲测站年际变化不大,变差系数较小,只有0.09,吉迈、唐乃亥测站的汛期径流量表现为下降趋势,非汛期的径流量表现为上升趋势。另一方面,20世纪60年代~90年代的平均降水量的总体趋势为“丰-缺-丰-缺”,降水年际变化不大,除达日气象站以外,其余5个气象站的降水量按照从上游至下游的顺序逐渐减少,达日、久治、玛曲、河南外斯4个气象站汛期降水表现为下降趋势,非汛期的降水表现为上升趋势。计算区间降水与吉迈、玛曲和唐乃亥水文站相同时段内的径流量的相关系数分别是0.44、0.57和0.67,而且相关系数的大小按照从上游到下游的顺序逐渐增大。

【Abstract】 The wetland ecosystem in the source regions of the Yellow River is called "plateau water tower" for a long time.Recently,the runoff has decreased vastly and interrelated ecological environment worsened gradually which caused by natural factors and human activities in the source regions of the Yellow River.Most of the experts and the scholars consider that the major reason of it is the change of precipitation.So,the paper studies the changing disciplinarian of runoff and precipitation in the source regions of the Yellow River during 50 years(1956~2000).Based on this,the authors analyze the inner relationship between runoff and precipitation,and discusses the influence which runoff response to precipitation in the source regions of the Yellow River.The results indicate the changing disciplinarian of runoff and precipitation has some similarity and there is a very high consistency between the runoff and precipitation in both of annual and monthly change.On the one hand,between the 1960s and 1990s,the general tendency of the mean runoff is"more-less-more-less".The annual runoff changed fiercely at jimai hydrologic station and the value of C_v,K,A separately is 0.38,3.95,0.48.But gently at maqu hydrologic station,the value of C_v,K,A separately is 0.09,2.43,0.65.The distribution of monthly runoff gather between June and October,Which’s proportion of yearly runoff is 72.9 percent,71.9 percent,71.3 percent separately at jimai,maqu and tangnaihai hydrologic station. In jimai and tangnaihai hydrologic station,the trend of runoff in flood season is descended,but contrary in non-flood season.On the other hand,between the 1960s and 1990s,the general tendency of the mean precipitation also is "more-less-more-less" and the distribution of monthly precipitation gather between May and September,Which’s proportion of yearly precipitation is between 81.4 percent and 89.9 percent at six weather stations.the value of monthly C_v in the inverse ratio of monthly precipitation.The annual precipitation changed gently,expect dari weather station,the precipitation of five weather stations declined from the upper river to the lower river.The same as runoff,the trend of precipitation of the dari,jiuzhi,maqu,and henanwaisi weather stations in flood season is descended,and contrary in non-flood season.The correlation coefficient between interzone precipitation and runoff at the same time of the hydrologic station at Jimai,Maqu,and Tangnaihai separately is 0.44,0.57 and 0.67.And the magnitude of correlation coefficient ascended from the upper river to the lower river.

【基金】 国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40371006);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目资助(批准号:2005CB422006)
  • 【分类号】P333;P426.6
  • 【被引频次】48
  • 【下载频次】817
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