【摘要】 目的:概述运动生物力学在各体育运动,尤其是健美操运动中的应用及特征。资料来源:检索万方数据库、PUBMED 2004/2007与各种体育运动项目,特别是健美操运动中的运动生物力学特征相关的文章,中文检索词为“运动生物力学,体育运动,健美操,应用”,英文检索词为:“biomechanics of sports,athletic sports,calisthenics,application”;同时手工查阅相关书籍。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选择与上述检索词相关的文章。纳入标准:阐述详细,反映各运动项目,尤其是健美操的运动生物力学特征。排除标准:关系不十分密切的文章。资料提炼:共收集到90篇关于运动生物力学与体育运动相关的文章,排除重复性研究,纳入31篇进行综述。资料综合:运动生物力学作为生物力学的分支学科,它首先研究人体内部运动器官运动和外部的人体整体运动的力学特性;其次研究人体内部运动器系运动和外部人体整体运动间的力学关系,从而构成对人体运动行为生物力学规律的本质把握。不同体育项目运动生物力学特征也有所不同。在健美操动作中,腾起类运动研究关键在于腾空高度问题,需考虑用力、作用时间及腾起角等因素。转体类动作主要技术特点是合理控制身体姿势,减小转动半径以减小转动惯量,增加角速度。总之,各类动作的技术特征均是建立在相应力学原理上的,具有一定规律性。结论:运动生物力学可广泛应用于竞技体育技术分析,对提高运动员竞技术水平和训练能力有着重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application and characteristics of sports biomechanics in various sports, especially in calisthenics. DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online research of Wanfang and Pubmed database was undertaken for related articles dated from 2004 to 2007 with the of "biomechanics of sports, athletic sports, calisthenics, application" in Chinese and English, respectively. In addition, manual search of related reference books was carried out. STUDY SELECTION: The data were primarily selected, and only articles that intimately discuss the characteristics of sports biomechanics in sports, especially in calisthenics were included. The non-related articles were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 90 articles on sports biomechanics and sports were collected, and 31 were included after eliminating the repetitive ones. DATA SYNTHESIS: As a branch of vitodynamics, sports biomechanics firstly research the characteristics of motion internal and external body. Mechanics association of motion between internal and external body is studied secondly, so as to understand the nature of the rules of human motion biomechanics. There are different characteristics of sports biomechanics in different sports. In calisthenics, height of jump is the key problem for studies on jump sports, and power, duration, and angle of jump are factors that we need to think about. The technical characteristics of twisting sports involve the proper control of body posture and decrease in twisting radius to reduce the moment of inertia and increase angular velocity. To sum up, the technical characteristics of all sports are set up based on their mechanical principle, and therefore present regularity. CONCLUSION: Sports biomechanics is applied widely in the analysis of athletics sports, which is important to improve skill level and training ability of athletes.更多还原