【摘要】 目的:了解影响高校贫困生心理健康的因素,以便有目的、有针对性开展心理咨询辅导工作。方法:2003-04在某高校1999/2003级共4届在校生6689人中选取436名学生作为调查对象。①观察组218名:入组条件:已接受国家助学贷款的贫困学生。该校接受助学贷款标准为:家庭经济困难(人均收入<200元/月),无力支付学费,且在接受贷款前尚未缴纳学费的学生。对照组:除外观察组学生,随机在4届学生中以班为单位整群抽样218名学生。②使用症状自评量表、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表进行测评。其中症状自评量表分数越高,心理健康水平越低。以焦虑自评量表标准分≥50,抑郁自评量表标准分≥53为有焦虑抑郁症状。结果:观察组收回有效答卷213份,有效回收率为97%,对照组收回有效答卷210份,有效回收率为96%。①观察组症状自评量表总分为124.75±28.37,阳性项目数为28.05±8.64;对照组分别为125.05±27.98,26.19±16.14,两组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。②观察组症状自评量表中人际关系因子得分为2.18±0.45,敌对因子得分为1.29±0.35,偏执因子得分为2.04±0.26;对照组分别为1.51±0.45,1.37±0.42,1.44±0.44,两组相比差异均有显著性(P<0.05～0.001)。其他因子得分两组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。③观察组焦虑自评量表粗分为28.43±5.63,标准分为35.29±6.13;抑郁自评量表粗分为29.62±6.26,标准分为37.71±8.04。对照组焦虑自评量表粗分为26.55±5.61,标准分为32.47±6.12;抑郁自评量表粗分为26.78±6.24,标准分为34.92±8.01。两组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表得分均在正常范围,说明无焦虑、抑郁症状。结论:贫困大学生心理健康状况总体属正常范围;忧郁、焦虑不是主要症状;人际关系敏感和偏执是主要症状。更多还原

【Abstract】 AIM:To research the factor influencing psychological health of impoverished undergraduates,and develop the psychological counseling in a direct manner. METHODS:A total of 436 undergraduates were selected from 6 689 university students in April 2003.①Observation group (n=218):Impoverished undergraduates,whose family was in the financial straits,could not afford to pay tuition and accepted the national student loan; Contrast group:Other 218 undergraduates were adopted in cluster sampling,taking class as unit.②Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90),Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were applied to test all the subjects. The higher scores of SCL-90 indicated the lower level of psychological health. The standard score of SDS ≥ 50 points and the one of SAS ≥ 53 points were defined as depression and anxiety. RESULTS:Totally 213 questionnaires were taken back in observation group,with the valid recovery of 97%; And 210 questionnaires were taken back in contrast group,with the valid recovery of 96%.①The total score in SCL-90 was (124.75±28.37) points in observation group,and the number of positive items was 28.05±8.64; while contrast group had not significant differences (125.05±27.98,26.19±16.14,P > 0.05).②The impoverished undergraduates got (2.18±0.45) points in SCL-90 of interpersonal sensitivity,(1.29±0.35) points in SCL-90 of hostility,and (2.04±0.26) points in SCL-90 of paranoid ideation; whereas the corresponding scores were (1.51±0.45),(1.37±0.42) and (1.44±0.44) points in contrast group,and there were significant differences between the two groups in above three factors (P < 0.05-0.01),while the difference was insignificant in other factors (P > 0.05).③In observation group,raw score in SAS was 28.43±5.63,standard score in SAS was 35.29±6.13; raw score in SDS was 29.62±6.26,standard score in SDS was 37.71±8.04; But in contrast group,the raw score in SAS was 26.55±5.61,standard score in SAS was 32.47±6.12; raw score in SDS was 26.78±6.24,standard score in SDS was 34.92±8.01. Both groups ranked in the normal range of SAS and SDS,indicating no depression or anxiety appeared. CONCLUSION:The psychological condition of impoverished undergraduates is generally healthy,and the main factors that affecting the psychological health of impoverished undergraduates are the interpersonal sensitivity and paranoid ideation,rather than depression and anxiety.更多还原